摘要

       本研究旨在评估从一种海鱼（Argyrosomus japonicus）和两个商业性暗角养殖场和南非卡列加河口采集的水样中分离出的弧菌菌株的抗生物和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs），并评估这些发现对公众健康的影响。采用纸片扩散法，对277株经分子鉴定的弧菌进行了药敏试验，其中包括126株河弧菌、45株创伤弧菌、30株副溶血弧菌和76株霍乱弧菌。用多重耐药指数（MARI）测定抗生素耐药相关健康风险，用聚合酶链反应（pcr）检测14种不敏感菌株的ARGs。阿莫西林（76.2%）、氨苄西林（67.5%）、红霉素（38.3%）和强力霉素（35.0%）的耐药率最高，庆大霉素（100%）的耐药率最高，其次是诺氟沙星（97.8%）、氟苯尼考（90.3%）、四环素（87.7%）和氯霉素（87.4%）。我们记录了58.5%的多药耐药性（对2种以上抗菌药物的耐药性）。MARI在不同位点间差异不显著（p＞0.05），但40%（108/277）的受试菌株的MARI值均大于0.2。在一个或多个菌株中检测到ARG标记，ampC、blaOXA、tetA、tetM、dfr1、sul1、sul2、ermB、nptII、strA和SXT整合酶，其中ermB（82.5%）、sul2（53.8%）、strA（44%）、dfr1（42.3%）和tetM（38.3%）最为丰富。健康的海雀（暗角）及其周围环境可作为抗生素抗性弧菌和精氨酸的储藏库，这些细菌可传播给人类和其他易感细菌，因此成为公共卫生关注的问题。

        This study aimed to evaluate the antibiogram and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of Vibrio isolates recovered from a marine fish (Argyrosomus japonicus) and water samples from two commercial dusky kob aquaculture farms and the Kariega estuary, South Africa, and to evaluate these findings for their public health implications. A total of 277 molecularly confirmed Vibrio isolates consisting of 126 Vibrio fluvialis, 45 Vibrio vulnificus, 30 Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, and 76 vibrios belonging to species of the genus other than Vibrio cholerae were subjected to susceptibility testing to 15 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was used to determine the antibiotic resistance-associated health risk, while polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the presence of 14 ARGs for nonsusceptible strains. Highest resistances were recorded to amoxicillin (76.2%), ampicillin (67.5%), erythromycin (38.3%), and doxycycline (35.0%), while susceptibilities were highest to gentamicin (100%), followed by norfloxacin (97.8%), florfenicol (90.3%), tetracycline (87.7%), and chloramphenicol (87.4%). We recorded a 58.5% multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥2 antimicrobial classes). MARI did not vary significantly between sites (p > 0.05); however, values of >0.2 were recorded in 40% (108/277) of all strains tested. ARG markers, ampC, blaOXA, tetA, tetM, dfr1, sul1, sul2, ermB, nptII, strA, and SXT integrase, were detected in one or more strains with ermB (82.5%), sul2 (53.8%), strA (44%), dfr1 (42.3%), and tetM (38.3%) being the most abundant. Healthy marine finfish (dusky kob) and their environment can serve as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant vibrios and ARGs, which could be disseminated to humans and other susceptible bacteria and this therefore becomes a public health concern.

         https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/mdr.2017.0276?rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&journalCode=mdr