摘要

      动物粪便通常用于提高土壤肥力，但人们越来越担心这种做法对抗生素耐药性的发展和传播的影响。本研究旨在探讨每年施用牛粪对农业土壤中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的发生和丰度的影响。处理包括（i）对照（不施肥或施肥），（ii）无机肥和（iii）三种施用量的奶牛粪便。定量PCR法测定土壤DNA中ARGs的绝对（每g干土）和相对（每16srrna基因）丰度。靶向6个arg和1个1类整合子。本研究发现：（1）施肥增加了背景土壤水平以上的ARG丰度；（2）施肥率越高，土壤中的ARG丰度越高；（3）施肥量比每年重复施用相同数量的肥料更重要；（4）ARG的绝对丰度和发生率随土层深度的增加而减少，但相对丰度保持不变。研究表明，与对照和无机施肥相比，施用牛粪显著增加了土壤中临床相关的精氨酸的丰度。

      Animal manures are commonly used to enhance soil fertility, but there are growing concerns over the impact of this practice on the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this field study was to determine the effect of annual dairy manure applications on the occurrence and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in an agricultural soil during four years of crop production. Treatments included (i) control (no fertilizer or manure), (ii) inorganic fertilizer and (iii) dairy manure at three application rates. Quantitative PCR was used to determine absolute (per g dry soil) and relative (per 16S rRNA gene) abundances of ARGs in DNA extracted from soils. Six ARGs and one class 1 integron were targeted. This study found that (i) manure application increases ARG abundances above background soil levels; (ii) the higher the manure application rate, the higher the ARG abundance in soil; (iii) the amount of manure applied is more important than reoccurring annual applications of the same amount of manure; (iv) absolute abundance and occurrence of ARGs decreases with increasing soil depth, but relative abundances remained constant. This study demonstrated that dairy manure applications to soil significantly increase the abundance of clinically relevant ARGs when compared to control and inorganic fertilized plots.

       https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/94/3/fiy010/4817531