摘要

       好氧堆肥广泛应用于畜禽粪便的循环利用，它可以减少进入环境中的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的数量。对12个大型养殖场的3种动物（牛、鸡、猪）粪便及相应堆肥进行了高通量qPCR检测。在粪便和堆肥样品中共检测到109个精氨酸，表明两者都是重要的精氨酸库。鸡粪和猪粪中精氨酸的多样性和丰度均显著高于牛粪，但工业堆肥对鸡粪中精氨酸的降低效果优于猪粪和牛粪。堆肥普遍降低了部分精氨酸，但对不同种类动物粪便中其他精氨酸的影响不一致。网络分析检测到ARGs和MGEs广泛共存。floR、ermF、catB3、aac（6’）-lb（akaaca4）和aadA被认为是估算ARGs总丰度的合适指示基因。结果表明，不同的动物种类对ARGs的多样性、丰度和持久性有显著影响，转座子丰度、重金属浓度、全氮水平、抗生素用量和持续时间可以解释这些差异。

         Aerobic composting is used widely for animal manure recycling, and it may reduce the amount of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that enter the environment. We sampled three types of animal (bovine, chicken, and pig) manure and the corresponding composts from 12 large-scale farms, and tested multiple ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) by high-throughput qPCR. A total of 109 ARGs were detected in the manure and compost samples, thereby demonstrating that both are important ARG reservoirs. The diversity and abundance of ARGs were significantly higher in chicken and pig manure than bovine manure, but industrial composting was more efficient at reducing the ARGs in chicken manure than pig and bovine manure. Composting universally reduced some ARGs, but inconsistently influenced other ARGs from different types of animal manures. Network analysis detected the widespread co-occurrence of ARGs and MGEs. floR, ermF, catB3, aac(6')-lb(akaaacA4), and aadA were identified as suitable indicator genes for estimating the total abundance of ARGs. Our results suggest that different animal species had significant effects on the diversity, abundance, and persistence of ARGs, where the abundance of transposons, heavy metal concentration, total nitrogen level, and the dosage and duration of exposure to antibiotics may explain these differences.

         https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389417308427?via%3Dihub