摘要

      噬菌体可以包装宿主的部分遗传物质，包括抗生素抗性基因（ARGs），有助于细菌间耐药性的快速传播。在当地零售商购买的肉类、猪肉、牛肉和鸡肉碎肉、火腿和摩塔迪拉肉中评估了含有ARGs的噬菌体颗粒。用qPCR对噬菌体DNA片段中的10个arg（blaTEM、blaCTX-M-1、blaCTX-M-9、blaOXA-48、blaVIM、qnrA、qnrS、mecA、armA和sul1）进行了分析。在大肠杆菌中进行繁殖试验之前和之后，对基因进行量化，以评估携带ARG的噬菌体颗粒在细菌宿主中感染和繁殖的能力。根据微生物参数，所有样品均可食用。颗粒繁殖后的大多数样品中均检测到ARGs，表明至少部分分离的噬菌体颗粒具有传染性，在所有基质中含量最高的是sul1，其次是β-内酰胺酶基因。在37份鸡盲肠标本的噬菌体DNA片段中也发现了精氨酸，证实了鸡粪便微生物群是一个重要的精氨酸储存库，并证实了肉中发现的颗粒物的可能来源。噬菌体是基因在肉类中传播的载体，不应低估其在全球抗生素耐药性危机中的风险因素。

        Bacteriophages can package part of their host's genetic material, including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), contributing to a rapid dissemination of resistances among bacteria. Phage particles containing ARGs were evaluated in meat, pork, beef and chicken minced meat, and ham and mortadella, purchased in local retailer. Ten ARGs (bla_TEM, bla_CTX-M-1, bla_CTX-M-9, bla_OXA-48, bla_VIM, qnrA, qnrS, mecA, armA and sul1) were analyzed by qPCR in the phage DNA fraction. The genes were quantified, before and after propagation experiments in Escherichia coli, to evaluate the ability of ARG-carrying phage particles to infect and propagate in a bacterial host. According to microbiological parameters, all samples were acceptable for consumption. ARGs were detected in most of the samples after particle propagation indicating that at least part of the isolated phage particles were infectious, being sul1the most abundant ARG in all the matrices followed by β-lactamase genes. ARGs were also found in the phage DNA fraction of thirty-seven archive chicken cecal samples, confirming chicken fecal microbiota as an important ARG reservoir and the plausible origin of the particles found in meat. Phages are vehicles for gene transmission in meat that should not be underestimated as a risk factor in the global crisis of antibiotic resistance.

        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6746790/