摘要

       堆肥在农业上的应用导致了土壤环境中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和重金属抗性基因（MRGs）的积累。研究了好氧堆肥过程中ARGs和MRGs对竹炭和竹醋液的响应。结果表明，BC+BV处理降低了高温期ARGs和移动遗传元素（MGEs）的丰度，并在降温期达到最低值。BC+BV促进了硬度的生长，从而促进了堆肥的高温期。ARGs和MGEs的反弹可以通过在堆肥结束时增加放线菌和蛋白菌的数量来解释。堆肥降低了含有pcoA、tcrB和cueO的MRGs的丰度，而cusA和copA则表明重金属对细菌的选择性压力。ARGs的命运主要是由MGEs驱动的，重金属解释了MRGs的大部分变化。有趣的是，氮转化对ARG和MRG也有重要影响。我们的研究结果表明，在堆肥制备过程中添加BC+BV是控制ARGs和MRGs迁移的有效方法，从而减少了环境问题。

        The application of compost in agriculture has led to the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) in the soil environment. In this study, the response of ARGs and MRGs to bamboo charcoal (BC) and bamboo vinegar (BV) during aerobic composting was investigated. Results showed that BC + BV treatment reduced the abundances of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during the thermophilic period, as well as achieved the lowest rebound during the cooling period. BC + BV promoted the growth of Firmicutes, thereby facilitating the thermophilic period of composting. The rebound of ARGs and MGEs can be explained by increasing the abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria at the end of composting. Composting reduced the abundances of MRGs comprising pcoA, tcrB, and cueO, whereas cusA and copA indicated the selective pressure imposed by heavy metals on bacteria. The fate of ARGs was mainly driven by MGEs, and heavy metals explained most of the variation in MRGs. Interestingly, nitrogen conversion also had an important effect on ARG and MRG profiles. Our current findings suggest that the addition of BC + BV during compost preparation is an effective method in controlling the mobility of ARGs and MRGs, thereby reducing the environmental problems.

        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135419305603?via%3Dihub