摘要

      家畜养殖场通常被认为是环境中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的主要来源，这些基因是对人类健康具有潜在影响的新兴污染物。本研究调查了广东省从猪粪到受纳环境（土壤和水体）三种类型的9种ARGs的发生和污染情况。所有ARGs均出现在100%的猪粪样品中。总ARGs的绝对浓度在3.01 × 108～7.18 × 1014个拷贝/g之间，显著高于污水和土壤（p <8239; 0.05）。从猪粪、废水和肥沃土壤中ARGs的分布特征来看，四环素抗性基因tetO占优势。苗期后各生育期猪粪中ARGs相对稳定。施肥土壤和未施肥土壤中精氨酸含量差异不显著（p＞0.05）。然而，ARGs（ermB、qnrS、acc（6’）-Ib、tetM、tetO和tetQ）的数量有所减少，但未被废水处理组分所消除（p<0.05）。通过相关分析，猪粪中四环素抗性基因tetQ和tetW以及废水中大环内酯类抗性基因ermB和ermF在肥料施用时比其他ARG更容易在土壤中传播。因此，应建立有效的ARGs清除和标准允许的环境水平，以控制ARGs在环境中传播的风险。

      Livestock farms are commonly regarded as the main sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), emerging pollutants with potential implications for human health, in the environment. This study investigated the occurrence and contamination profiles of nine ARGs of three types from swine manure to receiving environments (soil and water) in Guangdong Province, southern China. All ARGs occurred in 100% of swine manure samples. Moreover, the absolute concentration of total ARGs varied from 3.01 × 10⁸ to 7.18 × 10¹⁴ copies/g, which was significantly higher than that in wastewater and manured soil (p < 0.05). Regarding the distribution characteristics of ARGs in swine manure, wastewater and manured soil, the tetracycline resistance gene tetO was predominant. ARGs in swine manure were relatively stable among swine growth periods after the nursery period. The ARG concentration did not differ significantly between manured and unmanured soil (p > 0.05). However, the number of ARGs (ermB, qnrS, acc(6')-Ib, tetM, tetO and tetQ) decreased but were not eliminated by wastewater treatment components (p < 0.05). Based on correlation analysis, the tetracycline resistance genes tetQ and tetW in swine manure and the macrolide resistance genes ermB and ermF in wastewater were more easily spread than were other ARGs onto soil when the substances were applied as fertilizers. Therefore, effective removal and a standard permissible environmental level of ARGs should be established to control the risk of spreading ARGs in the environment.

       https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147651319301733?via%3Dihub