摘要

       抗生素的过度使用引起了人们越来越多的关注，人们越来越担心抗生素耐药率的上升会导致人类健康风险。河流系统通常被认为是抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的天然库。本研究采用高通量测序、统计分析和网络分析等方法，对北京某城市河流沉积物中的ARGs进行了广谱分析。此外，通过对河流沉积物和原始生态位（遥远的南极土壤和深海沉积物）之间的ARGs的亚基因组分析的比较研究，确定了人类活动对ARGs存在的贡献。共检测到442个ARG亚型，隶属于22个ARG亚型，每个16srrna基因拷贝的ARG丰度范围为1.1 × 10-1-8.1 × 10-1拷贝。最丰富和多样的arg通常与在该地区广泛使用的抗生素有关，这可能表明ARG在河流环境中的传播是由于抗生素使用造成的选择性压力。总的来说，人类活动是主要ARGs类型的主要贡献者，例如，磺胺ARGs占100%，β-内酰胺ARGs占97%，氨基糖苷ARGs占94%，四环素ARGs占64%。本研究揭示了人类活动在促进ARGs在城市河流环境中的传播和扩散中的作用，并提醒人们注意控制抗生素的使用和排放，以保护公众健康。

       The over-use of antibiotics causes growing concerns about human health risks induced by increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance. Riverine systems are considered generally as a natural reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, several methods including high-throughput sequencing-based metagenomics approach, statistical analysis and network analysis were applied jointly to characterize the wide-spectrum profile of ARGs in the sediments of an urban river in Beijing. Furthermore, contribution of human activities for the presence of ARGs was identified through comparative studies on the metagenomic profiling of ARGs between the river sediments and pristine niches (remote Antarctic soils and deep sea sediments). In total, 442 ARG subtypes belonging to 22 ARG types were detected in the human-impacted river sediments with an abundance range of 1.1 × 10^-1-8.1 × 10^-1 copy of ARG per copy of 16S-rRNA gene. The most abundant and diverse ARGs were commonly associated with antibiotics that have been extensively used in that area, likely indicating the spread of ARGs in river environments because of the selective pressure resulting from antibiotic use. As a whole, anthropogenic activities were the dominant contributor of major ARG types, for example, occupying 100% for sulfonamide-ARGs, 97% for beta-lactam-ARGs, 94% for aminoglycoside-ARGs and 64% for tetracycline-ARGs. This study provides insights into the role of human activities in accelerating the dissemination and proliferation of ARGs in urban river environment and draws attention to controlling the use and discharge of antibiotics for protection of public health.

       https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718343997?via%3Dihub