摘要

      近年来，随着包括农作物可食用部分在内的不同环境分区抗生素耐药热点的发展，社会关注度不断提高。为了评估用于浇水的水质的影响，我们从三个农业城市周边地区（巴塞罗那，西班牙东北部）的豆科植物蚕豆（蚕豆）的土壤、根、叶和豆类中采集了样本，用地下水、河水或再生水灌溉。抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）sul1、tetM、qnrS1、blaCTX-M-32、blaOXA-58、mecA和blaTEM分别用实时PCR和16srdna和intl1序列定量，作为细菌丰度和整合子流行的指标。通过高通量DNA测序分析了所有样品的微生物组分。结果表明，从高度多样化的土壤样本到微生物贫乏的豆类和树叶，细菌物种多样性和ARG的流行呈梯度，其中根瘤菌基本上取代了所有其他类群，并且呈现出非常小的ARGs和整合子序列。这些数据表明，微生物群和相关抗性可能受到农业实践和水质的影响，未来的灌溉水法律标准应考虑不同作物的特定生理。

       Social concern has raised during the last years due to the development of antibiotic resistance hotspots in different environmental compartments, including the edible parts of crops. To assess the influence of the water quality used for watering, we collected samples from soil, roots, leaves and beans from the legume plant Vicia faba (broad beans) in three agricultural peri-urban plots (Barcelona, NE Spain), irrigated with either groundwater, river water, or reclaimed water. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) sul1, tetM, qnrS1, bla_CTX-M-32,bla_OXA-58, mecA, and bla_TEM were quantified by real-time PCR, along with 16S rDNA and intl1 sequences, as proxies for bacterial abundance and integron prevalence, respectively. Microbiome composition of all samples were analyzed by high-throughput DNA sequencing. Results show a gradient of bacterial species diversity and of ARG prevalence from highly diverse soil samples to microbially-poor beans and leaves, in which Rhizobiales essentially displaced all other groups, and that presented very small loads of ARGs and integron sequences. The data suggest that the microbiome and the associated resistome were likely influenced by agricultural practices and water quality, and that future irrigation water legal standards should consider the specific Physiology of the different crop plants.

        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935118306364?via%3Dihub