摘要

       塑料在近海和深海以前所未有的规模积累。微生物群落已经在质体层定植，质体层已经成为抗生素和金属抗性基因（ARGs和MRGs）的储藏库。这是首次利用从国家生物技术信息中心序列读取档案数据库获得的北太平洋环流中观察到的塑料颗粒的亚基因组数据，对ARGs和MRGs的多样性、丰度和共现性及其在微生物群落中的关系进行分析。塑料上微生物群落中ARGs和MRGs的丰度分别为7.07 ××10-4-1.21 ××10-2和5.51 ××10-3-4.82 ××10-2拷贝/16srrna。经单向方差分析，塑料微生物区系中ARGs和MRGs的Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度均显著高于北太平洋环流海水微生物区系中ARGs和MRGs。多药耐药基因和多金属耐药基因是塑料微生物中检测到的主要基因类型。大塑性生物群和微塑性生物群ARGs和MRGs的丰度和多样性差异不显著，说明颗粒大小对抗性基因没有影响。Procrustes分析表明，微生物群落组成是ARG剖面的决定因素，而不是MRG。部分ARGs和MRGs的非随机共现率较高，说明抗生素或金属抗性选择的协同效应是影响微生物群对塑料颗粒抗性的重要因素。

        Plastics have been accumulated offshore and in the deep oceans at an unprecedented scale. Microbial communities have colonized the plastisphere, which has become a reservoir for both antibiotic and metal resistance genes (ARGs and MRGs). This is the first analysis of the diversity, abundance, and co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs, and their relationships within the microbial community, using metagenomic data of plastic particles observed in the North Pacific Gyre obtained from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive database. The abundance of ARGs and MRGs in microbial communities on the plastics were in the ranges 7.07 × 10^-4-1.21 × 10^-2 and 5.51 × 10^-3-4.82 × 10^-2 copies per 16S rRNA, respectively. Both the Shannon-Wiener indices and richness of ARGs and MRGs in plastics microbiota were significantly greater than those of ARGs and MRGs in seawater microbiota in the North Pacific Gyre via one-way analysis of variance. Multidrug resistance genes and multi-metal resistance genes were the main classes of genes detected in plastic microbiota. There were no significant differences in the abundance or diversity of ARGs and MRGs between macroplastics biota and microplastics biota, indicating that particle size had no effect on resistance genes. Procrustes analysis suggested that microbial community composition was the determining factor of the ARG profile but not for MRG. Some ARGs and MRGs had a higher incidence of non-random co-occurrence, suggesting that the co-effects of selection for antibiotic or metal resistance are important factors influencing the resistome of the microbiota on the plastic particles.

        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018319822?via%3Dihub