摘要

      使用抗生素污染的粪便作为肥料是抗生素污染土壤的主要来源，同时也伴随着抗生素耐药基因（ARG）。生物可利用的抗生素在粪便储存过程中触发了ARG的进一步扩增。因此，本发明旨在促进抗生素在粪便中的固定化。为此，以松果体（BCP）、稻壳、污泥、消化液和芒为原料，研究了5种生物炭作为猪粪中磺胺甲嗪、环丙沙星、土霉素和氟苯尼考的吸附剂。利用Freundlich等温线（R2 > 0.82）和伪二阶模型（R2 > 0.94）对非线性吸附进行了最佳拟合。抗生素在粪便上的吸附量依次为磺胺二甲嘧啶、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星、土霉素。BCP与有机肥的混合物改变了磺胺二甲嘧啶 <土霉素 <氟苯尼考 =环丙沙星的顺序。一般来说，随着生物炭的加入，氟苯尼考的吸附系数增加最多（因子>2.7），其次是磺胺二甲嘧啶和环丙沙星。然而，土霉素主要是由于竞争性吸附而被动员起来的。生物炭的添加比例和种类决定了其固定化效果，植物源生物炭对抗生素的固定化效果较好。根据生物炭的类型和比例，肥料添加剂可用于降低非尼考、氟喹诺酮和磺胺类药物的流动性和生物利用度。

       Using manure contaminated with antibiotics as fertilizer is a primary source of soil pollution with antibiotics and concomitantly with antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Bioavailable antibiotics trigger further ARG amplification during manure storage. Consequently it is aimed to facilitate the immobilization of antibiotics in manure. To this end, five biochars derived from pine cone (BCP), rice husk, sewage sludge, digestate and Miscanthus were tested as additional sorbents in liquid pig manure for sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline and florfenicol. Non-linear sorption was best-fit using the Freundlich isotherm (R² > 0.82) and the pseudo-second-order model best described sorption kinetics (R² > 0.94). Antibiotics' sorption onto manure increased in the order sulfamethazine < florfenicol < ciprofloxacin < oxytetracycline. Admixtures of BCP to manure changed the order to sulfamethazine < oxytetracycline < florfenicol = ciprofloxacin. Generally, with the addition of biochar, sorption coefficients of florfenicol increased most (by factors>2.7) followed by sulfamethazine and ciprofloxacin. Yet, oxytetracycline was mostly mobilized probably due to competitive adsorption. Effects depended on the proportion of biochar added and the type of biochar, whereby plant-derived biochar exhibited better immobilization of antibiotics. Depending on the type and portion of biochar, admixtures to manure can be used to lower the mobility and hence bioavailability of fenicols, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides.

       https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389418309543?via%3Dihub