摘要

       对于肥力相对较低的土壤，施用动物粪便是一种非常推荐的传统农业做法。然而，对于长江上游地区广泛分布的农田紫色土，以往的研究对施用有机肥后土壤抗药性的变化知之甚少。采用高通量定量聚合酶链反应（pcr）和Illumina测序技术，研究了长期施用猪粪浆对石灰性紫色土中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和细菌群落的影响。研究了非施肥对照（CK）和猪粪（OM）、有机肥+矿质氮肥（OM N）和有机肥+矿质氮磷钾肥（OM NPK）4种处理。在所有接受不同处理的土壤样品中，共检测到139个独特的ARGs和6个可移动的遗传元素基因，其中多药和β-内酰胺是ARGs的两种最主要类型。主坐标分析（PCoA）结果表明，有机质与矿质肥料（OMN和OMNPK）两种处理的土壤ARGs剖面与对照相似，而仅施用猪粪的土壤与其他三种处理的土壤中的ARGs模式不同。在有机质处理中，土壤粘粒明显减少。不仅在ARGs之间，而且在移动遗传元素（MGEs）和ARGs之间发现了显著的正相关。然而，ARG模式与细菌群落组成之间没有显著关系。这些结果表明，长期施用猪粪浆对紫色土中ARGs的影响并不明显，但在石灰性紫色土中，ARGs水平迁移的潜力不容忽视。

        The application of animal manure is a highly recommended traditional agricultural practice for soils of relatively low fertility. However, for the farmland purple soils that are widely distributed in the upper Yangtze River region, little knowledge has been established in previous studies about the changes in the antibiotic resistome upon manure amendment. In the present study, the impact of long-term pig manure slurry application on the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial community was assessed in arable calcareous purple soil using high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Illumina sequencing. Four treatments, including a non-fertilization control (CK) and pig manure (OM), OM plus mineral N fertilizer (OMN) and OM plus mineral NPK fertilizer (OMNPK) treatments were investigated. Across all the soil samples receiving different treatments, a total of 139 unique ARGs and 6 mobile genetic element genes were detected, with multidrug and beta-lactam the two most dominant types of ARGs. The results of the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) suggest that the profiles of soil ARGs in the two treatments of OM combined with mineral fertilizer(s) (i.e., OMN and OMNPK) were similar to those in the control treatment, while the soil receiving only pig manure application had a different pattern of ARGs from the soils in the other three treatments. A clear reduction of soil ARGs was observed in the OM treatment. Significant and positive relationships were found not only among ARGs but also between mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and ARGs. However, no significant relationships were detected between ARG patterns and bacterial community composition. These results imply that the long-term application of pig manure slurry to purple soil does not lead to the prevalence of ARGs; however, the potential for the horizontal transfer of ARGs in calcareous purple soil should not be ignored.

        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718329978?via%3Dihub