摘要

       在过去的几十年里，转基因作物的使用在美国变得越来越普遍。越来越多的证据表明，DNA可能受到保护，免受消化道中的酶消化和酸水解，这表明作物源转基因可能完整地进入废水处理厂（WWTPs）。鉴于抗生素抗性基因在转基因作物发展中作为选择标记的历史，考虑这些转基因基因的命运是很重要的。在此，我们检测并量化了污水处理厂中的作物源性转基因。所有存活的美国污水处理厂样本均含有多个基因靶点（p35、nos、bla和nptII），显著高于对照样本。从法国获得的对照废水样本中，转基因作物未被种植，其nptII基因拷贝数明显少于美国活化污泥和消化污泥。bla耐药基因（ARG）检测结果无显著性差异。此外，建立了一种巢式聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction，PCR）检测方法，该方法以位于p35启动子和nos终止子两侧区域的bla-ARG为靶点。总的来说，这项工作表明转基因作物可能提供了nptII的环境来源；然而，需要后续研究来确定这些基因在离开污水处理厂时的生存能力。

       The use of transgenic crops has become increasingly common in the United States over the last several decades. Increasing evidence suggests that DNA may be protected from enzymatic digestion and acid hydrolysis in the digestive tract, suggesting that crop-derived transgenes may enter into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) intact. Given the historical use of antibiotic resistance genes as selection markers in transgenic crop development, it is important to consider the fate of these transgenes. Herein we detected and quantified crop-derived transgenes in WWTPs. All viable US WWTP samples were found to contain multiple gene targets (p35, nos, bla and nptII) at significantly higher levels than control samples. Control wastewater samples obtained from France, where transgenic crops are not cultivated, contained significantly fewer copies of the nptII gene than US activated and digester sludges. No significant differences were measured for the bla antibiotic resistance gene (ARG). In addition, a nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay was developed that targeted the bla ARG located in regions flanked by the p35 promoter and nos terminator. Overall this work suggests that transgenic crops may have provided an environmental source of nptII; however, follow-up studies are needed to ascertain the viability of these genes as they exit WWTPs.

        https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-lookup/doi/10.2166/wst.2018.051