摘要

       细菌耐药性的发生和传播是人们非常感兴趣的课题，而污水处理厂的作用一直是人们特别感兴趣的课题。这些站都是细菌的蓄水池，含有大量的有机和无机物质，而释放到环境中的细菌数量非常高。本研究的主要目的是评估对抗生素有耐药性的细菌的去除程度，并确定某污水处理厂对克鲁吉县部分şul Mic河水微生物群的贡献。本研究评估了对磺胺甲恶唑和四环素的抗性及其代表性基因sul1、tet（O）和tet（W）的抗性。结果表明，抗磺胺类药物的细菌比抗四环素的细菌多。治疗后耐药菌浓度发生变化，即对磺胺甲恶唑耐药菌。对所有细菌和抗生素耐药菌的去除率为98-99%，对四环素耐药菌的去除率高于对磺胺甲恶唑耐药菌。污水处理厂不仅提高了ARG的浓度，而且通过增加intI1基因的丰度，提高了水平基因转移的可能性。尽管处理过程将细菌浓度降低了两个数量级，但在克卢杰-纳波卡的废水处理厂在一些şul-Mic河的排放口下游10公里处导致了抗药性细菌浓度的增加。

       The occurrence and spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance are subjects of great interest, and the role of wastewater treatment plants has been attracting particular interest. These stations are a reservoir of bacteria, have a large range of organic and inorganic substances, and the amount of bacteria released into the environment is very high. The main purpose of the present study was to assess the removal degree of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics and identify the contribution of a wastewater treatment plant to the microbiota of Someşul Mic river water in Cluj county. The resistance to sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline and some of their representative resistance genes: sul1, tet(O), and tet(W) were assessed in this study. The results obtained showed that bacteria resistant to sulphonamides were more abundant than those resistant to tetracycline. The concentration of bacteria with antibiotic resistance changed after the treatment, namely, bacteria resistant to sulfamethoxazole. The removal of all bacteria and antibiotic-resistant bacteria was 98-99% and the degree of removal of bacteria resistant to tetracycline was higher than the bacteria resistant to sulfamethoxazole compared to total bacteria. The wastewater treatment plant not only contributed to elevating ARG concentrations, it also enhanced the possibility of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by increasing the abundance of the intI1 gene. Even though the treatment process reduced the concentration of bacteria by two orders of magnitude, the wastewater treatment plant in Cluj-Napoca contributed to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria concentrations up to 10 km downstream of its discharge in Someşul Mic river.

        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606691/