摘要

       本研究旨在测定家禽和猪粪施用后，模拟土壤和池塘微观环境中9个重要的抗微生物基因（sul1、sul2、tetB、tetM、ermB、ermF、fexA、cfr和Intl1）的发生、丰度和命运。采用绝对定量PCR方法检测基因拷贝数。结果被模拟成对数回归（N = mlnt + b）来探索目标基因的命运。施用这两种肥料后，基因sul1、Intl1、sul2和tetM的丰度最高。对数回归模型拟合效果良好（R 2值达0.99）。除fexA和cfr基因外，所有基因在粪池微环境中的还原速率均快于在粪土微环境中的还原速率。重要的是，sul1、intl1、sul2和tetM在所有样品中的还原率最低，tetM的低还原率是首次报道。这些结果表明，ARGs的管理应侧重于在施用肥料之前使用去除ARGs的技术，而不是等待随后在土壤或水中的衰减，特别是在土壤中具有高丰度和低还原率的ARGs（如本研究调查的sul1、intl1、sul2和tetM）施肥后浇水。

        This study aimed to determine the occurrence, abundance, and fate of nine important antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) (sul1, sul2, tetB, tetM, ermB, ermF, fexA, cfr, and Intl1) in the simulated soil and pond microcosms following poultry and swine manure application. Absolute quantitative PCR method was used to determine the gene copies. The results were modeled as a logarithmic regression (N = mlnt + b) to explore the fate of target genes. Genes sul1, Intl1, sul2, and tetM had the highest abundance following the application of the two manure types. The logarithmic regression model fitted the results well (R ² values up to 0.99). The reduction rate of all genes (except for the genes fexA and cfr) in manure-pond microcosms was faster than those in manure-soil microcosms. Importantly, sul1, intl1, sul2, and tetM had the lowest reduction rates in all the samples and the low reduction rates of tetM was the first time to be reported. These results indicated that ARG management should focus on using technologies for the ARG elimination before the manure applications rather than waiting for subsequent attenuation in soil or water, particularly the ARGs (such as sul1, intl1, sul2, and tetM investigated in this study) that had high abundance and low reduction rate in the soil and water after application of manure.

        https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-017-9623-z