摘要

       畜禽粪便是抗生素残留和耐药性的主要贮存库。本文通过对猪粪和鸡粪在不同温度下进行有氧培养，研究了温度对磺胺类抗生素（SAs）、磺胺类耐药（SR）基因/细菌的影响。在猪粪中，SAs浓度随温度升高而下降，最低为60℃。在鸡粪中，SAs在30℃下降解最为严重。猪粪中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和sul阳性宿主的相对丰度在高温培养期间比中间层培养期间减少更为明显；两种温度条件都不能有效降低鸡粪中的这些参数。进一步建立了SAs、ARGs（sul1、sul2和intI1）、SR可培养菌和sul阳性宿主的残留水平与分布的关系。抗生素残留量而非抗生素浓度是影响粪便中ARGs和sul阳性宿主流行的重要因素。放线菌门的棒状杆菌和白杆菌是sul1和intI1的主要载体，sul2的相对丰度与SR细菌的相对丰度显著相关。总的来说，耐药菌群的差异也是影响ARG变异的主要因素。本研究有助于减少粪便中抗生素污染和抗生素耐药性的管理选择。

        Animal manure is a main reservoir of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance. Here, the effect of temperature on sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs), sulfonamide-resistant (SR) genes/bacteria was investigated by aerobically incubating swine and chicken manures at different temperatures. In swine manure, the SAs concentration declined with increasing temperature, with a minimum at 60°C. In chicken manure, the greatest degradation of SAs was noted at 30°C. The reduction of relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and sul-positive hosts in swine manure was more pronounced during thermophilic than mesospheric incubation; neither temperature conditions effectively reduced these parameters in chicken manure. The relationship between the residual levels/distribution profiles of SAs, ARGs (sul1, sul2 and intI1), cultivable SR bacteria and sul-positive hosts was further established. The antibiotic residual profile, rather than antibiotic concentration, acted as an important factor in the prevalence of ARGs and sul-positive hosts in manure. Corynebacterium and Leucobacter from the phylum Actinobacteria tend to be main carriers of sul1 and intI1; the relative abundance of sul2 was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of cultivable SR bacteria. Overall, differences in resistant bacterial communities also constitute a dominant factor affecting ARG variation. This study contributes to management options for reducing the pollution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance within manure.

        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717317606?via%3Dihub