摘要

    金属开采导致了废弃矿山中废弃矿山尾矿堆的堆积。重金属污染金属尾矿周围的农田一直是人们公认的问题。然而，很少有关于尾矿中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的分布以及影响该分布的主要因素的报道。在这项研究中，采用宏基因组学方法来研究中国北方金矿尾矿周围农田中的微生物群落和ARGs。结果表明，农田中的主要污染物为砷，铅和镉。蛋白质细菌和放线菌是金尾矿周围农田中微生物的优势种。在土壤样品中共检测到75种具有327种ARG亚型的ARG。大环内酯类，林可酰胺类和链霉菌素B耐药基因在这项研究中占了大多数ARG的主体，而放线菌，变形杆菌和酸性细菌是大多数ARG的宿主。偏最小二乘路径模型显示，微生物群落是影响尾矿区土壤ARGs分布的最有影响力的驱动力，而重金属对这些ARGs具有直接和部分间接的影响。与以前对ARGs的分析相比，我们的研究发现，移动基因元件对ARGs的影响很小。总体而言，这项研究提供了完整的ARG调查，为金尾矿周围农田中重金属污染下ARG的分布和命运提供了线索。

    Metal mining has caused the accumulation of waste mine tailing dumps from abandoned mines. The pollution of farmlands surrounding metal tailings by heavy metals has been a long-recognized problem. However, the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in tailings and the main factors influencing this distribution have rarely been reported. In this study, a metagenomics approach was used to investigate the microbial community and ARGs present in farmland surrounding gold tailings in northern China. The results showed that the main pollutants in the farmland were As, Pb, and Cd. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla of microbes in farmlands surrounding gold tailings. A total of 75 ARGs with 327 ARG subtypes were detected in soil samples. Macrolide-, lincosaminide-, and streptogramin B resistant genes accounted for the majority of ARGs in this study, and Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the hosts of most ARGs. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that the microbial community was the most influential driver moderating the distribution of soil ARGs near tailings, and heavy metals have direct and partially indirect effects on these ARGs. In contrast to previous analyses of ARGs, our study found that mobile gene elements had a minimal impact on ARGs. Overall, this study presents a complete ARG survey that sheds light on the distribution and fate of ARGs under heavy metal contamination in farmland around gold tailings.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721015709