摘要

如果人为排放和操纵使抗生素抗性基因的流行率高于通常水平，抗生素抗性基因可被视为环境污染物。在奥地利100个尚未接触转基因作物但有资格种植转基因作物的玉米田和马铃薯田，测定了植物中对某些氨基糖苷类抗生素产生抗性的常见标记基因aph ( 3′) - IIa / nptII和aph ( 3′) - IIIa /nptII的流行率。通过nptII /nptIII特异性TaqMan实时PCR分析土壤总DNA提取物。nptII阳性率为6 % (中位数:150份/克土壤；范围: 31 - 856 )nptIII为85 % (1190份/克土壤；13 - 61600)。nptIII携带者的拷贝数比nptII高14倍。在可培养的卡那霉素抗性土壤细菌中，nptIII阳性的占1.8 % ( 95 %置信区间: 0 - 3.3 % )，nptII阴性的占0 - 0.8%。研究土壤的nptII负荷较低，nptII成为人为释放到这些生态系统中环境污染物的典型例子。

Antibiotic resistance genes may be considered as environmental pollutants if anthropogenic emission and manipulations increase their prevalence above usually occurring background levels. The prevalence of aph(3′)-IIa/nptII and aph(3′)-IIIa/nptIII – frequent marker genes in plant biotechnology conferring resistance to certain aminoglycosides – was determined in Austrian soils from 100 maize and potato fields not yet exposed to but eligible for GMO crop cultivation. Total soil DNA extracts were analysed by nptII/nptIII-specific TaqMan real time PCR. Of all fields 6% were positive for nptII (median: 150 copies/g soil; range: 31–856) and 85% for nptIII (1190 copies/g soil; 13–61600). The copy-number deduced prevalence of nptIII carriers was 14-fold higher compared to nptII. Of the cultivable kanamycin-resistant soil bacteria 1.8% (95% confidence interval: 0–3.3%) were positive for nptIII, none for nptII (0–0.8%). The nptII-load of the studied soils was low rendering nptII a typical candidate as environmental pollutant upon anthropogenic release into these ecosystems.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749115003619