摘要

    填埋场中的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的空中传播以及病原细菌对抗生素的抗性获得对人类和环境健康构成潜在威胁。然而，关于垃圾分解对生活垃圾填埋过程中对空气传播的ARG和病原体的贡献知之甚少。在此，对鸡，鱼和猪肉废物分解过程中渗滤液和生物气溶胶中微生物群落和ARGs的动态变化进行了比较研究。结果发现，鸡肉和猪肉的分解可能导致散发大量的生物气溶胶和病原体，而鱼类发酵会导致较高的空气传播微生物活性。主要病原体是生物气溶胶中的芽孢杆菌，伯克霍尔德-帕拉伯克霍尔德菌和分枝杆菌，但渗滤液中的Wohlfahrtiimonas，Peptoniphilus和梭菌属细菌，表明渗滤液中细菌的雾化能力与它们的丰度和多样性无关。相比之下，渗滤液中ARG的多样性和相对丰度明显高于生物气溶胶。此外，浸出液和生物气溶胶中ARGs的相对丰度并不完全相关。致病菌群落的变化对生物气溶胶和浸出液中ARGs的流行做出了重要贡献。结果将确定生活垃圾分解对空气传播的病原体和ARG分布的贡献，并为垃圾掩埋中空气传播的细菌暴露风险和控制提供基础。

    Airborne transmission of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in landfill and acquisition of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria are posing potential threat to human and environmental health. However, little is known about contribution of waste decomposition to airborne ARGs and pathogens during landfilling of household waste. Herein, the dynamic changes of microbial communities and ARGs were comparatively investigated in leachate and bioaerosol during the decomposition of chicken, fish, and pork wastes. Results found that chicken and pork decomposition could result in emitting high abundance of bioaerosol and pathogen, while fish fermentation will lead to high airborne microbial activity. The main pathogens were Bacilli, Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia and Mycobacterium in bioaerosols, but were Wohlfahrtiimonas, Peptoniphilus and Fusobacterium in leachate, suggesting that the ability of aerosolization of bacteria in leachate was independent of their abundance and diversity. Whereas, diversity and relative abundance of ARGs in leachate were significantly higher than bioaerosol. Moreover, the relative abundance of ARGs in leachate and bioaerosols was not completely relevant. The changes of pathogenic community contributed significantly to the prevalence of ARGs in bioaerosol and leachate. The results will define the contribution of household waste decomposition to airborne pathogen and ARG distribution and provide foundation for airborne bacterial exposure risk and control in landfill.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721021987