摘要

    耐抗生素细菌感染的增加在全世界范围内构成了严重的公共卫生问题。动物的肠道微生物组是抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的储存库。然而，野生动物的肠道微生物组与ARGs之间的相关性仍存在争议。在这里，我们根据大熊猫的基因组（包括来自秦岭，Qi山和小香岭的三个野生种群，以及来自雅安和成都的两个主要圈养种群），研究了肠道微生物组的组成与肠道菌群组成之间的潜在相关性。跨不同地理位置和生活环境的ARG。我们发现ARGs的类型与肠道微生物组组成有关。利用野生大熊猫肠道微生物组ARGs组成的Jaccard距离进行NMDS聚类分析显示出基于地理位置的差异。囚禁也对ARGs组成的差异产生影响。此外，我们发现与其他野生和圈养种群研究相比，秦岭种群在肠道微生物组组成和ARGs（梭状芽孢杆菌和万古霉素抗性基因的比例最高）方面表现出极大的差异，这得到先前大熊猫全基因组的支持测序分析。在这项研究中，我们提供了一个有关宿主群体遗传学，共生肠道微生物组和ARGs的潜在共识模式的例子。我们发现栖息地隔离会影响哺乳动物肠道微生物组中的ARG结构。因此，大熊猫种群之间ARG组成的差异将为其保护和管理，特别是圈养种群提供一些基本信息。

   The rise in infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a serious public health problem worldwide. The gut microbiome of animals is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the correlation between the gut microbiome of wild animals and ARGs remains controversial. Here, based on the metagenomes of giant pandas (including three wild populations from the Qinling, Qionglai and Xiaoxiangling Mountains, and two major captive populations from Yaan and Chengdu), we investigated the potential correlation between the constitution of the gut microbiome and the composition of ARGs across the different geographic locations and living environments. We found that the types of ARGs were correlated with gut microbiome composition. The NMDS cluster analysis using Jaccard distance of the ARGs composition of the gut microbiome of wild giant pandas displayed a difference based on geographic location. Captivity also had an effect on the differences in ARGs composition. Furthermore, we found that the Qinling population exhibited profound dissimilarities of both gut microbiome composition and ARGs (the highest proportion of Clostridium and vancomycin resistance genes) when compared to the other wild and captive populations studies, which was supported by previous giant panda whole-genome sequencing analysis. In this study, we provide an example of a potential consensus pattern regarding host population genetics, symbiotic gut microbiome and ARGs. We revealed that habitat isolation impacts the ARG structure in the gut microbiome of mammals. Therefore, the difference in ARG composition between giant panda populations will provide some basic information for their conservation and management, especially for captive populations.

    https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1751-7915.13655