摘要

    工业园区是工业区，对环境影响很大。多项研究表明，从工业园区释放出来的化合物和重金属会污染土壤，水和空气。但是，作为新兴污染物，尚未对工业园区的抗菌素耐药基因（ARG）进行研究。在这里，我们从中国一个工业园区的35个地点收集了土壤样品，并应用了宏基因组学策略来描述ARG和毒力因子（VF）。我们进一步比较了位于β-内酰胺类抗生素生产工厂的场所（TZ_31–35）与该工业园区的其他场所（TZ_1–30）之间ARG的相对丰度。元基因组测序和组装产生了14、383、065重叠群和17、631、051个开放阅读框（ORF）。分类学注释显示，Proteobacteria和Actinobacteria分别是最丰富的门和类别。毒力因子数据库（VFDB）中列出的32个病原细菌属全部从该工业园区的土壤基因组中鉴定出来。总共注释了685,354个ARG（占ORF的3.89％）和272,694个毒力因子（VF）（占ORF的1.55％）。这些ARGs对几种至关重要的抗微生物药物（如利福平，氟喹诺酮和β-内酰胺类）表现出抗药性。此外，在站点TZ_31–35和TZ_1–30之间，未发现ARGs的相对丰度有显着差异，表明ARGs已在该工业园区中广泛传播。本研究使我们更好地了解了工业园区土壤中的电阻组和毒粒的整体情况，并建议在对ARGs进行监视和维护时，应将整个工业园区作为一个整体来对待。

    As zoned areas of industries, industrial parks have great impacts on the environment. Several studies have demonstrated that chemical compounds and heavy metals released from industrial parks can contaminate soil, water, and air. However, as an emerging pollutant, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in industrial parks have not yet been investigated. Here, we collected soil samples from 35 sites in an industrial park in China and applied a metagenomics strategy to profile the ARGs and virulence factors (VFs). We further compared the relative abundance of ARGs between the sites (TZ_31–35) located in a beta-lactam antimicrobial-producing factory and other sites (TZ_1–30) in this industrial park. Metagenomic sequencing and assembly generated 14, 383, 065 contigs and 17, 631, 051 open reading frames (ORFs). Taxonomy annotation revealed Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria as the most abundant phylum and class, respectively. The 32 pathogenic bacterial genera listed in the virulence factor database (VFDB) were all identified from the soil metagenomes in this industrial park. In total, 685,354 ARGs (3.89% of the ORFs) and 272,694 virulence factors (VFs) (1.55% of the ORFs) were annotated. These ARGs exhibited resistance to several critically important antimicrobials, such as rifampins, fluroquinolones, and beta-lactams. In addition, no significant difference in the relative abundance of ARGs was observed between sites TZ_31–35 and TZ_1–30, indicating that ARGs have already disseminated widely in this industrial park. The present study gave us a better understanding of the whole picture of the resistome and virulome in the soil of the industrial park and suggested that we should treat the industrial park as a whole in the surveillance and maintenance of ARGs.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121000452