摘要

过去十年来人类病原体抗生素耐药性（AR）的增加和扩散已成为世界范围内的健康问题。 最近在人类，动物，食物和环境中进行的基因组学和宏基因组学研究已经导致发现了一个巨大的AR基因库，称为抵抗体（resistome），可以从这些来源移动并转移到人类病原体。 AR是由细菌开发的一种自然现象，用于保护产生抗生素的细菌免受其自身产品的侵害，并在竞争激烈的微生物环境中增加其存活率。 尽管抗生素在人类和动物中广泛使用，但农业中也有相当多的抗生素使用，特别是在动物饲料和水产养殖中。 这篇综述的目的是概述AR的来源以及在这些水库中使用抗生素作为人类通过食物链出现AR细菌的选择者。

The increase and spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) over the past decade in human pathogens has become a worldwide health concern. Recent genomic and metagenomic studies in humans, animals, in food and in the environment have led to the discovery of a huge reservoir of AR genes called the resistome that could be mobilized and transferred from these sources to human pathogens. AR is a natural phenomenon developed by bacteria to protect antibiotic-producing bacteria from their own products and also to increase their survival in highly competitive microbial environments. Although antibiotics are used extensively in humans and animals, there is also considerable usage of antibiotics in agriculture, especially in animal feeds and aquaculture. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the sources of AR and the use of antibiotics in these reservoirs as selectors for emergence of AR bacteria in humans via the food chain.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3690338/