摘要

    抗生素消耗量和浓度的增加导致耐药菌菌株的进化和耐药基因在细菌之间以及在不同环境基质之间转移，最终通过食物链转移给人类。 从大量研究中可以明显看出，环境在抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的传播中起着主要作用。 ARG与整形体之间的相关性证实，由于废水和牲畜径流排放不当，导致抗生素水平升高。 抗性元素被称为“异种遗传学”，可以作为污染物和可以复制的入侵物种的替代物。

    Increased consumption and concentration of antibiotics are resulting in evolution of resistant bacterial strains and resistant genes transferring between bacteria and among the different environmental matrices and ultimately to humans through the food chain. It is obvious from much research that the environment has a major role in propagation of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). The correlation between ARGs and integrons confirms the elevated levels of antibiotics due to improper discharge through wastewater and livestock runoff. Resistant elements are termed as “xenogenetics,” which can act as surrogate for both pollutants and invasive species that can replicate.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128188828000097