摘要

动物饲养中常用抗生素预防感染和治疗疾病，特别是在工业肉类生产。一些抗生素不能被完全代谢，并且不可避免的被排出到粪便中，然后在环境扩散。目前，越来越多的粪肥用于沼气生产，然后再将残留物撒在农田上。研究了猪粪厌氧消化过程中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲唑、磺胺甲噁唑、大环内酯类抗生素克拉霉素、红霉素和甲氧苄啶的去除规律。分批动力学试验在嗜热和耐冷条件下进行40天。一些抗生素(克拉霉素、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲唑)在所有实验中都是持久性的。因此，本研究中未发现磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲唑的生物降解。从研究的化合物中，只有红霉素在厌氧消化过程中被清楚地去除，在嗜热和嗜冷条件下，去除率分别为99 %和20 %。红霉素的去除符合单级动力学反应函数，反应速率常数分别为0.29天- 1和0.005天- 1。

Antibiotics are frequently used in animals to treat sickness and prevent infection especially in industrial meat production. Some of the antibiotics cannot be completely metabolized and, as an unavoidable result, are excreted and thus end up in manure which is then spread in the environment. Currently increasing amounts of manure is used in biogas production before spreading the residuals on agricultural fields. In this study, the removal patterns of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole) and macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin), as well as trimethoprim, were investigated during the anaerobic digestion of pig manure. Batch kinetic tests were conducted both at thermophilic and psychrophilic condition for 40 days. Some of the antibiotics (clarithromycin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole) were persistent in all experiments. Thus, no biodegradation was found for sulfadiazine and sulfamethizole in this study. From the studied compounds, only erythromycin was clearly removed and probably degraded during anaerobic digestion with 99% and 20% removal under thermophilic and psychrophilic condition. The removal of erythromycin was fitted to a single first-order kinetic reaction function, giving reaction rate constant of 0.29 day− 1 and 0.005 day− 1, respectively.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717313943