摘要

环境抗生素耐药性因其对人体健康的威胁而受到越来越多的关注。在本研究中，我们研究了抗生素（四环素类，磺胺类和（氟）喹诺酮类）的浓度和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的丰度，包括四环素抗性基因，磺胺抗性基因和质粒介导的喹诺酮类抗性基因，在广东省水产养殖环境中的组成。磺胺甲二嗪，磺胺二甲嘧啶，磺胺甲基异恶唑，土霉素，四环素，多西环素，环丙沙星，诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星在沉积物和水样中的浓度分别高达446 μg kg^-1和98.6 ng L^-1。 ARGs（sul1，sul2，sul3，tetM，tetO，tetW，tetS，tetQ，tetX，tetB / P，qepA，oqxA，oqxB，aac（6））的相对丰度（ARG拷贝/ 16S核糖体RNA（rRNA） '）-Ib 和 qnrS ）高达2.8×10^-2。主要门是沉积物样品中的 Proteobacteria，Bacteroidetes和 Firmicutes，以及水样中的变形杆菌，放线菌和拟杆菌。还观察到与病原体相关的属，如不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter），弓形杆菌属（Arcobacter）和梭菌属（Clostridium）。本研究综合考察了中国水产养殖环境中的抗生素，ARGs和细菌群落组成。结果表明，鱼塘是ARGs的沉降池，鱼塘中存在潜在的抗性和病原体相关分类群，可能对人类健康造成潜在风险。

Environmental antibiotic resistance has drawn increasing attention due to its great threat to human health. In this study, we investigated concentrations of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides and (fluoro)quinolones) and abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, and analyzed bacterial community composition in aquaculture environment in Guangdong, China. The concentrations of sulfametoxydiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin were as high as 446 μg kg−1 and 98.6 ng L−1 in sediment and water samples, respectively. The relative abundances (ARG copies/16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene copies) of (sul1, sul2, sul3, tetM, tetO, tetW,ARGs  tetS, tetQ, tetX,tetB/P, qepA, oqxA, oqxB, aac(6′)-Ib, and qnrS) were as high as 2.8 × 10−2. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes in sediment samples andProteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in water samples. The genera associated with pathogens were also observed, such as Acinetobacter, Arcobacter, and Clostridium. This study comprehensively investigated antibiotics, ARGs, and bacterial community composition in aquaculture environment in China. The results indicated that fish ponds are reservoirs of ARGs and the presence of potential resistant and pathogen-associated taxonomic groups in fish ponds might imply the potential risk to human health.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00248-015-0583-x