摘要

    红树林是一个复杂的生态系统，通常受到人为活动的影响，并接受各种抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）。在这项研究中，调查了中国南方七个国家红树林保护区的抗生素和ARG的概况。 LC-MS检测到五种类别的14种抗生素，GeoChip分析评估了ARGs的12个基因家族。可以在所有七个红树林中检测到每种抗生素类别，包括磺酰胺，四环素，氟喹诺酮类，大环内酯类和氯霉素。在地表沉积物中，除四环素（57％）外，十四种抗生素的检出率均高于85％。防城港（501 ng / g），香港（368 ng / g），湛江（311 ng / g）和深圳（268 ng）的红树林沉积物中总抗生素浓度高（> 250 ng / g）。 /G）。在防城港（227.7 ng / g），北海（85.7 ng / g），湛江（108.8 ng / g），深圳（119.2 ng / g），香港（（ 126.6 ng / g）和云霄（93.0 ng / g）。结果表明，在这些红树林中存在广泛的抗生素污染。在本研究调查的所有红树林中均检测到所有ARGs家族。主要的ARG是多药耐药基因（MRG），占ARG总数的90％以上。这些MRG，包括MATE，MFS，SMR，Mex和ATR，是与各种抗生素的运输有关的多药转运蛋白家族。放线菌和变形杆菌是这些红树林主要ARG寄主的主要微生物进化枝。环丙沙星的浓度与相关ARGs（喹诺酮耐药性决定因素）的含量呈正相关。这项工作为进一步研究红树林生态系统中这些污染物的流行和扩散提供了抗生素和ARG的概况。

    Mangrove is a complex ecosystem often affected by anthropogenic activities and receiving various antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, profiles of antibiotics and ARGs of seven National Mangrove Reserves in south China were investigated. Fourteen antibiotics belonging to five categories were detected by LC-MS and twelve gene families of ARGs were evaluated by GeoChip assay. Each antibiotic category, including sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, macrolides and chloramphenicols, could be detected in all seven mangroves. In the surface sediment, the detection frequency of fourteen antibiotics was higher than 85%, except for chlorotetracycline (57%). The total antibiotic concentrations were at a high level (>250 ng/g) in the mangrove sediment of Fangchenggang (501 ng/g), Hong Kong (368 ng/g), Zhanjiang (311 ng/g) and Shenzhen (268 ng/g). High concentrations of fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and enrofloxacin) were observed in Fangchenggang (227.7 ng/g), Beihai (85.7 ng/g), Zhanjiang (108.8 ng/g), Shenzhen (119.2 ng/g), Hongkong (126.6 ng/g) and Yunxiao (93.0 ng/g). The results suggest a widespread of antibiotic pollution in these mangroves. All ARGs families were detected in all mangroves investigated in this study. The major ARGs were multidrug resistance genes (MRGs), which accounted for more than 90% of the total ARGs abundance. These MRGs, including MATE, MFS, SMR, Mex and ATR, are families of multidrug transporters related to the transport of various antibiotics. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant microbial clades of the hosts for major ARGs in these mangroves. The concentration of ciprofloxacin was positively correlated with the abundance of relevant ARGs (quinolone resistance determinant). This work provides a profile of antibiotics and ARGs for further study on prevalence and proliferation of these pollutants in the mangrove ecosystems.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S096483051930784X