摘要

    本章提供了环境中抗生素和抗菌素耐药性（AMR）/抗生素耐药性基因（ARG）风险评估的完整概述，尤其涵盖了基于与作用部位的化学亲和力对抗生素进行分类的方法。 尽管最近的研究提供了许多抗生素和AMR / ARG的风险评估，但在陆地和水生环境中仍需要仔细评估许多因素。 通过了解不同抗生素和ARG的风险商值，了解起源，传播方式和风险水平的知识，研究人员可以更好地监控其作用。 风险评估会引起人们对实施预防措施的关注，因为土壤和地表水以及自来水也无法避免存在抗生素的危害。 本章末尾简要介绍了近期的保护措施，并报告了因抗微生物药耐药性导致的生命损失。

    This chapter offers a complete overview of risk assessment of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)/antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in the environment, especially covering the classification of antibiotics based on their chemical affinity with action site. Although recent research provides assessment of risk for many antibiotics and AMR/ARGs, still numerous factors need to be evaluated carefully in terrestrial and aquatic environments. By obtaining knowledge of origin, mode of spread, and risk level through risk quotient values for different antibiotics and ARGs, researchers can monitor their effects in a better way. Risk assessment seeks attention towards the implementing preventive measures as along with soil and surface water, tap water is also not safe from the presence of antibiotics. There is brief information included on recent protective measures and reported life loss for antimicrobial resistance at the end of the chapter.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128188828000218