摘要

    抗生素在食品和更好的健康设施中的广泛应用已导致环境中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因的出现和流行，通过选择性压力和移动遗传元件促进了其他细菌之间的抗性传播。在自然环境中增加的抵抗力有助于微生物病原体进化并威胁公共健康。如今，环境中抗生素耐药性的扩散已成为全球性问题，并且已通过最佳可行方案（包括生物，化学和物理方法）以及各种管理方案来最大程度地关注废物的处理，以最大程度地减少抗生素的传播和抗生素耐药性。本章主要关注用于管理抗生素和抗生素抗性基因的各种治疗技术的适用性和最新进展。已经做出努力来讨论各种方法，例如好氧，厌氧，人工湿地法作为生物方法，以及各种对去除抗生素和抗药性有效的物理方法（吸附，过滤等）和化学方法（AOP）。基因。但是，关于特定治疗方法的适用性信息仍然存在很大差距，因此需要进一步的研究和综合研究以评估这些方法的去除效率。此外，重点在于通过有效的管理和管理方法适当使用抗生素，以期大大减少抗生素和抗生素抗性基因的传播。

    The extensive application of antibiotics for food and better health facilities has resulted in the occurrence and prevalence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the environment, promoting resistance dissemination among other bacteria through selective pressure and mobile genetic elements. The increased resistance in the natural environment helps microbial pathogens to evolve and pose threats to public health. The proliferation of antibiotic resistance in the environment has now become a global issue now and focus has been given to the treatment of waste through best available options, including biological, chemical, and physical methods along with the various management options to minimize the spread of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. This chapter focuses mainly on the applicability and recent advances in various treatment technologies used for management of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes. Efforts have been made to discuss various methods such as aerobic, anaerobic, constructed wetlands methods as biological methods, along with the various physical (adsorption, filtration, etc.) and chemical (AOPs) that are effective for the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes. However, there is still a huge gap in information about the suitability of specific treatment methods, so further research and comprehensive studies are required to evaluate the removal efficiencies of these methods. Furthermore, the emphasis is placed on the appropriate use of antibiotics through effective management and stewardship approaches, in order to achieve significant reduction in the spread of antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128188828000231