摘要

    人们越来越关注水产养殖与抗生素抗性基因（ARG）库的形成有关。然而，人们对它们存在于地下水中的后果知之甚少。在这项研究中，对中国洪湖的鱼塘水，地表水和地下水中的22种抗生素（包括4种乙酰化代谢物）和27种ARGs进行了分析。分析了常规参数，离子组成，抗生素浓度和水样品中ARG的相对丰度之间的相关性。在三种不同的水源中，鱼塘水中的总抗生素水平最高，而地下水中最低，湖水中的抗生素水平中等。在地表水中，磺酰胺类及其代谢产物占抗生素含量最高，而四环素类化合物最常见于地下水样品中。尽管地下水中的抗生素含量几乎不可检测，但地下水样品中ARGs的相对丰度甚至比地表水中的相对丰度还要高。 ARG迁移的程度和程度可能取决于当地的抗生素污染水平以及当地的环境和水文地质条件，其中1类整合素（intI1）对于此类ARG的传播至关重要。环境参数（如抗生素，溶解氧，HCO3-和pH）对ARG的影响非常显着，反映了这些因素对ARG含量的潜在影响。因此，我们的发现强调了需要更好地控制水产养殖环境中和来自水产养殖环境的ARG的扩散。

    There is an increasing concern that aquaculture has been implicated in the formation of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) reservoirs; however, little is known about the consequences of their presence in groundwater. In this study, 22 antibiotics, including four acetylated metabolites, and 27 ARGs were analyzed in fish pond water, surface water, and groundwater of the Honghu Lake in China. Correlations between conventional parameters, ionic composition, antibiotic concentration, and relative abundance of ARGs in water samples were analyzed. Among the three different sources of water, total antibiotic levels were the highest in fish pond water and the lowest in groundwater, with moderate levels in lake water. In surface water, sulfonamides and their metabolites accounted for the highest antibiotic content, whereas tetracyclines were the most frequently found in groundwater samples. Despite the near-undetectable levels of antibiotics in groundwater, the relative abundance of ARGs in groundwater samples was even higher than that in surface waters. The magnitude and extent of ARG migration are likely to be dependent on local antibiotic contamination levels as well as on the local environmental and hydrogeological conditions, with the class 1 integrons (intI1) being essential for the dissemination of such ARGs. The effects of environmental parameters such as antibiotics, dissolved oxygen, HCO3−, and pH on ARGs were highly significant, reflecting the potential impact of these factors on the abundance of ARGs. Our findings thus highlight the need for improved control of the spread of ARGs in and from aquaculture environments.

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-020-09487-5