摘要

    蔬菜或水果中的抗生素抗性基因和细菌（ARG和ARB）对生态环境健康构成威胁。但是，以前从未对一种流行蔬菜新鲜番茄中的ARGs和ARB进行过评估。在这项研究中，使用高通量定量PCR和16S rRNA基因Illumina测序技术来研究超市中五个新鲜番茄常见品种的细菌的抗生素抗性特征。在番茄表面共检测到191个ARG和10个移动遗传元件（MGE）。样品中ARGs和MGEs的分布情况有所不同，有机番茄显示出更多的ARGs和MGEs数量和相对丰度。氨基糖苷类耐药基因strA和strB，磺酰胺类耐药基因sul1和多药耐药基因qacΔ1-01是主要的ARG。显着的MGEs是转座酶基因，可能促进ARGs的水平基因转移（HGT）。网络分析表明，有15个细菌家族可能是ARGs的潜在宿主，而检测到的MGEs可能与ARGs呈正相关。这些结果揭示了新鲜番茄中的细菌ARG和MGE，这可能有助于引导人们更加关注ARG和ARB对蔬菜或水果表面的生态环境影响。

    Antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria (ARGs and ARB) in vegetable or fruit pose risks to ecological environment health. However, the assessment of ARGs and ARB from one popular vegetable, fresh tomato, has not been carried out before. In this study, high-throughput quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing technology were used to explore the antibiotic resistance characteristics of bacteria on five common cultivars of fresh tomatoes from supermarket. A total of 191 ARGs and 10 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected on the tomato surfaces. The distribution profile of ARGs and MGEs was different among samples, with the organic tomatoes showing more ARGs and MGEs number and relative abundance. Aminoglycoside resistance genes strA and strB, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and multidrug resistance gene qacΔ1-01 were the predominant ARGs. Dominant MGEs were transposase genes, which might promote horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs. Network analysis indicated that fifteen bacterial families might be the potential hosts of ARGs, and the detected MGEs might have positive correlation with ARGs. These results revealed the bacterial ARGs and MGEs from fresh tomato, which might help guide human to pay more attention to ecological environment impacts of ARGs and ARB on the surfaces of vegetable or fruit.

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10646-020-02303-3