摘要

  目前，由于人类抗生素的滥用和当局对污水排放和粪便管理的监管不力，抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）已成为一种新型的环境污染物。同期对3个不同天然水体（鄱阳湖、海河和青岛一号海水浴场海水）进行采样，进行纵向分布比较。研究了11种ARGs在20个物种中的分布和表达情况，并分析了ARGs在不同水体中的表达与时空分布的相关性。除了在海水中未检测到的 ermA、blaNDM-1 和 vanA 外，其他 ARGs 在所有三个水体中都可以检测到。海水和海河中的四环素抗性基因（tetC、tetM 和 tetQ）甚至达到了 100%，海水和鄱阳湖中的磺胺 ARGs（sul1 和 sul2）以及海河中的 sul2 和 sul3 也达到了达到了 100%。海河的 ARG 污染更为严重，20 种 ARG 中的 14 种和 17 种分别显着高于海水和鄱阳湖。一些 ARG 的绝对丰度也很高。海水中大环内酯类抗性基因（ermB）的绝对丰度高达8.61×107拷贝/L，海河流域抗结核基因（rpoB和katG）的丰度高达1.32×106拷贝/L和 1.06 × 107 份/升，分别。这表明ARGs在天然水体中逐渐变得更加多样化和广泛。三个水体的冗余分析（RDA）结果表明，虽然每个水体受时空因素的影响不同，但总体而言，AGRs的存在与人类生产生活和迁徙密切相关。的动物。

  Currently, due to abuse in the use of human antibiotics and the weak regulatory control that the authorities have over sewage discharge and manure management, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a new type of environmental pollutant. Three different natural water bodies (Poyang Lake, Haihe River and Qingdao No.1 Bathing Beach seawater) were sampled during the same periods to conduct a longitudinal comparison of distribution. The distribution and expression of 11 ARGs in 20 species were studied, and the correlations between the expression and the distribution of time and space of the ARGs in different water bodies were also analyzed. With the exception of ermA, blaNDM-1 and vanA, which were not detected in seawater, the other ARGs could be detected in all three water bodies. Tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetM and tetQ) in the seawater and Haihe River had even reached 100%, and sulfa ARGs (sul1 and sul2) in the seawater and Poyang Lake, as well as sul2 and sul3 in the Haihe River, had also reached 100%. The ARG pollution in Haihe River was much more serious, since 14 and 17 of 20 ARG species were significantly higher compared with seawater and Poyang Lake, respectively. Some ARGs also had a high absolute abundance. The absolute abundance of macrolide resistance genes (ermB) in seawater was as high as 8.61 × 107 copies/L, and the anti-tuberculosis resistant genes (rpoB and katG) in the Haihe River Basin were highly abundant at 1.32 × 106 copies/L and 1.06 × 107 copies/L, respectively. This indicates that ARGs have gradually become more diverse and extensive in natural water bodies. The results of a redundancy analysis (RDA) of the three water bodies showed that although each water body is affected by different factors in space and time, overall, the presence of AGRs is closely related to the production and life of human beings and the migration of animals. 

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/2/552