摘要

       天然水体中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的发生和分布引起了全世界的关注。饮用水源地表水中的抗生素和 ARG 污染可能直接/间接影响人类健康。本研究对中国某大城市河流水源中38种抗生素、10种ARGs、2种整合子和16S r DNA的分布进行了监测，冬季是抗生素污染程度较高的时期。结果显示，检测到20种抗生素，检测频率不同。 2019年12月抗生素污染较高，抗生素总浓度为281.95~472.42 ng/L，其次是2020年1月（191.70~337.29 ng/L）和2019年11月（161.25~309.72 ng/L） .磺胺乙酰胺在 2019 年 11 月（23.52-219.00 ng/L）和 2020 年 1 月（113.18-209 ng/L）占主导地位，而诺氟沙星在 2019 年 12 月（146.72-290.20 ng/L）占主导地位。所有目标抗生素对水生生物构成低或中风险，对人类健康构成低风险。 Sul1 和 erm36 是主要的 ARG，而 intI1 是饮用水源中的主要整合子。只有 tetA 与其相应的抗生素（四环素）呈正相关。其余的 ARG 与抗生素无相关性，或与其非相应抗生素呈正/负相关。总体而言，这些水源中的抗生素和 ARG 污染相对较低。这些发现为我国大城市河流型饮用水源中抗生素和ARGs的分布提供了一些参考数据。

       The occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in natural water has attracted worldwide attention. Antibiotic and ARG pollution in the surface water of drinking water sources might directly/indirectly affect human health. In this study, the distribution of 38 antibiotics, 10 ARGs, 2 integrons, and 16S r DNA in river-type water sources in a large city of China were monitored in winter, which was a period with high level of antibiotic pollution. The results showed that 20 antibiotics were detected with different detection frequencies. The antibiotic pollution in December 2019 was relatively high, with the total concentrations of antibiotics ranging from 281.95 to 472.42 ng/L, followed by that in January 2020 (191.70–337.29 ng/L) and November 2019 (161.25–309.72 ng/L). Sulfacetamide was dominant in November 2019 (23.52–219.00 ng/L) and in January 2020 (113.18–209 ng/L), while norfloxacin in December 2019 (146.72–290.20 ng/L). All the target antibiotics posed low or medium risk for aquatic organisms, and posed low health risk for mankind. Sul1 and erm36 were the predominant ARGs, and intI1 was the predominant integron in drinking water sources. Only tetA showed positive correlations with its corresponding antibiotic (tetracycline). The rest of ARGs showed no correlations with antibiotics or positive / negative correlations with their non-corresponding antibiotics. Overall, the antibiotics and ARG pollution in these water sources was relatively low. These findings provided some reference data for the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in river-type drinking water sources of large cities in China.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-13637-8