摘要

       由于人类活动，如海鲜养殖，抗生素在环境中的持久性引起了人们的极大关注，因为它们可以产生抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）。在这项研究中，我们分别通过三种常用的渔业氧化剂，即氯、溴和 iARG，探讨了大肠杆菌 SR1 和 sul1（质粒编码的 ARG）在其胞外和胞内形式（eARG 和 iARG）中的灭活和去除效率。高锰酸钾 (KMnO4)，在实际有效浓度范围内（0.5、5 和 15 mg/L）。使用实验室磷酸盐缓冲盐水 (PBS) 获得动力学数据。遵循相同的渔业氧化方法，通过研究（消毒）池塘水基质中的 SR1 和 sul1 消毒效率来测试确定的动力学模型。在 5 和 15 mg/L 的浓度下，所有三种氧化剂都实现了足够的累积积分暴露（CT 值），以完全灭活 SR1 并有效去除 sul1（高达 4.0-log）。然后将氧化方法应用于未经消毒的池塘水基质，以研究和评估水产养殖中的本地 ARB 和 ARGs 消毒效率，在用高浓度的池塘准备中使用的渔业氧化剂处理期间达到 1.4-log 和 1.0-log。分别放养 (5–15 mg/L)。高氯浓度（15 mg/L）可以有效去除池塘水中的ARGs（或iARGs），并且iARGs去除效率高于池塘水中的eARGs。本研究的方法和结果有助于指导未来的研究和实际消毒，以控制 ARG 和 ARB 在水产养殖中的传播。

       The persistence of antibiotics in the environment because of human activities, such as seafood cultivation, has attracted great attention as they can give rise to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). In this study, we explored the inactivation and removal efficiencies of Escherichia coli SR1 and sul1 (plasmid-encoded ARGs), respectively, in their extracellular and intracellular forms (eARGs and iARGs) by three commonly used fishery oxidants, namely chlorine, bromine, and potassium permanganate (KMnO4), at the practical effective concentration range (0.5, 5, and 15 mg/L). Kinetics data were obtained using laboratory phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Following the same fishery oxidation methods, the determined kinetics models were tested by studying the SR1 and sul1 disinfection efficiencies in (sterilized) pond water matrix. At concentrations of 5 and 15 mg/L, all three oxidants achieved sufficient cumulative integrated exposure (CT values) to completely inactivate SR1 and efficiently remove sul1 (up to 4.0-log). The oxidation methods were then applied to an unsterilized pond water matrix in order to study and evaluate the indigenous ARB and ARGs disinfection efficiencies in aquaculture, which reached 1.4-log and 1.0-log during treatment with fishery oxidants used in pond preparation at high concentrations before stocking (5–15 mg/L), respectively. A high chlorine concentration (15 mg/L) could efficiently remove ARGs (or iARGs) from pond water, and the iARG removal efficiency was higher than that of eARGs in pond water. The method and results of this study could aid in guiding future research and practical disinfection to control the spread of ARGs and ARB in aquaculture.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721014169