摘要

       抗生素耐药性在细菌中的传播是全球关注的问题，鉴定相关遗传元件（抗生素耐药基因-ARGs-，水平基因转移机制的组成部分）的可能来源正成为迫切需要。虽然 ARGs 在医疗环境中的传播已经得到充分表征，但 ARG 在农业生态系统中的传播仍然没有得到充分研究。特别重要的是确定与使用猪粪和相关产品作为有机肥料成分相关的潜在风险，这是一种越来越多的农业实践。我们确定了从来自加泰罗尼亚（西班牙东北部）的八个农场的猪粪和消化物中分析的 ARG 和抗生素负荷，并将结果与其微生物组组成进行了比较。 ARGs 和抗生素在农场有机废物中都很明显，一些抗生素的水平超过了目前可接受的最低抑菌浓度。特别是，高负荷氟喹诺酮类药物的存在与浆液中相关 qnrS1 ARG 的流行率直接相关。我们还发现有证据表明 ARG 负荷与确定的细菌分类群（放线菌、变形菌、螺旋藻）的流行直接相关，该参数可能通过在用作肥料之前对原料浆的加工进行调节。

       The spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a matter of global concern, and the identification of possible sources of the associated genetic elements (antibiotic resistance genes -ARGs-, components of the horizontal gene transfer mechanism), is becoming an urgent need. While the transmission of ARGs in medical settings have been adequately characterized, ARG propagation in agroecosystems remains insufficiently studied. Particularly crucial is the determination of potential risks associated to the use of swine slurries and related products as component of organic fertilizers, an increasingly used farming practice. We determined ARGs and antibiotic loads analysed from swine slurries and digestates from eight farms from Catalonia (NE Spain), and compared the results with their microbiome composition. Both ARGs and antibiotic were conspicuous in farm organic wastes, and the levels of some antibiotics exceeded currently accepted minimum inhibitory concentrations. Particularly, the presence of high loads of fluoroquinolones was directly correlated to the prevalence of the related qnrS1 ARG in the slurry. We also found evidence that ARG loads were directly correlated to the prevalence of determined bacterial taxa (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochaeta), a parameter that could be potentially modulated by the processing of the raw slurry prior to their use as fertilizer.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935120314109