摘要

       近年来，抗生素使用的急剧增加导致抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的进化，对人类和水生生态安全构成潜在风险。本研究首先在抚仙湖地表水中研究了12种抗生素及其相应ARGs的来源贡献和相关性。结果表明，磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）（0.98-14.32 ng L-1）和氧氟沙星（OFL）（0.77-7.3 ng L-1）是地表水中的主要抗生素，而红霉素-H2O（EM-H2O）、SMX和 OFL 对水生生物构成中等风险。同时，流入河流中MLs的平均浓度是湖泊中MLs的5.6倍，这与稀释和退化有关。此外，因素1（共同来源L（生活区）、M（矿区）、A（农业区）和T（旅游区））贡献了78%的抗生素浓度，并且来源L占主导地位。结果还揭示了所有采样点中intL1、sul1和sul2的流行，并且湖泊中ARGs的丰度显着低于流入河流（P <0.01）。此外，检测到 intL1 和磺胺抗性基因 (sul1, sul2) 之间的显着相关性 (p < 0.0001)，表明 intL1 促进了繁殖并且它们起源于相同的人为来源。总体而言，我们的研究结果揭示了抚仙湖中抗生素和ARGs的存在及其不一致的相关性，为进一步探索抗生素和ARGs的发生和传播机制提供了基础。

       In recent years, the dramatic increase in antibiotic use has led to the evolution of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), posing a potential risk to human and aquatic ecological safety. In this study, source contribution and correlations between twelve antibiotics and their corresponding ARGs were firstly investigated in surface water in the Fuxian Lake. The results showed that sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (0.98–14.32 ng L−1) and ofloxacin (OFL) (0.77–7.3 ng L−1) were the dominant antibiotics in surface water, whereas erythromycin-H2O (EM-H2O), SMX and OFL posed the medium risk to aquatic organisms. Meanwhile, the mean concentrations of MLs in inflowing rivers were 5.6 times more than those in the lake, which was related to dilution and degradation. Moreover, the facter1 (co-sources L (Living quarters), M (Mining area), A (Agricultural district) and T (tourist area)) contributed 78% of antibiotic concentrations, and the source L was predominant. The results also revealed the prevalence of intL1, sul1 and sul2 in all the sampling sites, and that the abundance of ARGs in the lake was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that in inflowing rives. Additionally, significant correlations (p < 0.0001) between intL1 and sulfanilamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2) were detected, indicating that intL1 promoted the propagation and they originated from the same anthropogenic sources. Overall, our findings revealed the presence of antibiotics and ARGs and their inconsistent correlations in the Fuxian Lake, which provides a foundation to support further exploration of the occurrence and transmission mechanisms of antibiotics and ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653520319366