在本研究中，我们测定了8种抗生素（3种四环素，4种磺胺类药物和1种甲氧苄氨嘧啶），12种抗生素耐药基因（10种tet，2种sul），4种抗生素耐药细菌（四环素，磺胺甲恶唑和联合耐药） ，以及住宅区，医院和城市污水处理厂（WWTP）系统中的1类整合子整合酶基因（intI1）。不同样本中总体/单个目标（抗生素，基因和细菌）的浓度差异显着，但医院样本的丰度普遍低于居民区样本。污水处理厂展示了去除效率为50.8％四环素，66.8％磺胺类药物，0.5到2.5 log 四环素基因，小于1 log 磺胺类和intI1基因，以及目标细菌去除0.5 log~1 log。除四环素总浓度和四环素耐药菌比例（R 2 = 0.330，P <0.05）外，抗生素与相应耐药菌之间无显着相关性（P> 0.05）。相反，抗生素和抗生素抗性基因之间存在各种关系（P <0.05）。 四环素（A）和四环素（B）与四环素和联合抗生素耐药细菌显示出显着相关性（P <0.01）。

In this study, we determined the abundance of 8 antibiotics (3 tetracyclines, 4 sulfonamides, and 1 trimethoprim), 12 antibiotic-resistant genes (10 tet, 2 sul), 4 antibiotic-resistant bacteria (tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and combined resistance), and class 1 integron integrase gene (intI1) in the effluent of residential areas, hospitals, and municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) systems. The concentrations of total/individual targets (antibiotics, genes, and bacteria) varied remarkably among different samples, but the hospital samples generally had a lower abundance than the residential area samples. The WWTP demonstrated removal efficiencies of 50.8 % tetracyclines, 66.8 % sulfonamides, 0.5 logs to 2.5 logs tet genes, and less than 1 log of sul and intI1 genes, as well as 0.5 log to 1 log removal for target bacteria. Except for the total tetracycline concentration and the proportion of tetracycline-resistant bacteria (R 2 = 0.330, P < 0.05), there was no significant correlation between antibiotics and the corresponding resistant bacteria (P > 0.05). In contrast, various relationships were identified between antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (P < 0.05). Tet (A) and tet (B) displayed noticeable relationships with both tetracycline and combined antibiotic-resistant bacteria (P < 0.01).

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-014-3665-2