摘要

       牛粪和家禽垫料被广泛用作肥料，因为它们是极好的营养来源；然而，由于人畜共患细菌和抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 基因的释放，在土地应用过程中存在潜在的不利环境影响。本研究旨在了解牛粪和家禽垫料的理化组成、细菌多样性和 AMR 基因存在之间的联系，使用定量聚合酶链反应枚举四种 AMR 基因（ermB、sulI、intlI 和 blactx-m-32），Illumina 16 S区测序，理化性质分析。 Bray-Curtis 距离的主坐标分析揭示了两种粪便来源之间不同的细菌群落结构。与家禽垫料相比，牛粪中的 α 多样性更高（P < 0.05）。冗余分析表明，粪便理化和成分与细菌丰度之间存在很强的相关性，电导率和碳/氮之间存在正相关关系，而总固体和重金属可溶部分呈负相关。牛粪表现出更丰富的大环内酯 (ermB) 和磺胺 (sulI) 抗性基因。因此，新鲜牛粪的施用可能会导致 AMR 基因向土壤-水环境（相对于家禽垫料）的更大潜在传播，而新的最佳管理策略（如堆肥）可能会减少 AMR 基因向土壤-水环境的释放.

      Cattle manure and poultry litter are widely used as fertilizers as they are excellent sources of nutrients; however, potential adverse environmental effects exist during land applications, due to the release of zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. This study was conducted to understand linkages between physiochemical composition, bacterial diversity, and AMR gene presence of cattle manure and poultry litter using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to enumerate four AMR genes (ermB, sulI, intlI, and blactx-m-32), Illumina sequencing of the 16 S region, and analysis of physical and chemical properties. Principal coordinate analysis of Bray–Curtis distance revealed distinct bacterial community structures between the two manure sources. Greater alpha diversity occurred in cattle manure compared to poultry litter (P < 0.05). Redundancy analysis showed a strong relationship between manure physiochemical and composition and bacterial abundance, with positive relationships occurring among electrical conductivity and carbon/nitrogen, and negative associations for total solids and soluble fractions of heavy metals. Cattle manure exhibited greater abundance of macrolide (ermB) and sulfonamide (sulI) resistant genes. Consequently, fresh cattle manure applications may result in greater potential spread of AMR genes to the soil-water environment (relative to poultry litter) and novel best management strategies (such as composting) may reduce the release of AMR genes to the soil-water environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935121003054