摘要

       锯末、稻壳和蘑菇残渣通常用作粪便堆肥过程中的填充剂；这项工作评估了它们在温度一致的条件下增强抗生素和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 去除的潜力。结果表明，所有堆肥膨胀剂的添加都增加了猪粪中抗生素的去除率，增加率为14.9%~33.4%；然而，它们对减少鸡粪中残留抗生素的影响较小，其中氟喹诺酮 (FQ) 抗生素是主要抗生素，部分原因是填充剂对 FQ 降解的促进作用较弱。添加填充剂在某种程度上阻碍了猪粪中 ARGs 的减少，而添加填充剂后，鸡粪中 ARGs 的总相对丰度明显降低。在三种填充剂中，锯末是两种粪便中抗生素去除最有效的增强剂，稻壳在减少鸡粪中的 ARGs 方面表现最佳。随后描绘了抗生素、ARG 和细菌群落之间的关系。 Proteobacteria 被提议在填充剂添加对猪粪中抗生素和 ARGs 的影响中起关键作用。特别是，增加的黄单胞菌科对促进抗生素降解以及添加锯末的猪粪中的高水平 ARG 有很大贡献。相比之下，通过在鸡粪中添加膨胀剂对优势细菌家族的改变不足以有效增强抗生素去除，但在很大程度上影响了 ARGs 丰度。添加稻壳导致类芽孢杆菌科和葡萄球菌科的大量减少与添加稻壳的鸡粪中ARGs的减少密切相关。

       Sawdust, rice husk, and mushroom residues are commonly used as bulking agents during manure composting; this work evaluated their potentiality for enhancing the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) under a temperature-consistent condition. Results indicated that the addition of all the compost-bulking agents increased antibiotic removal in swine manure with increasing rates of 14.9%–33.4%; however they showed less effect on the reduction of residual antibiotics in chicken manure where fluoroquinolone (FQs) antibiotics are the dominant antibiotics, partly owing to the weak promoting effects of bulking agents on FQs degradation. The addition of bulking agents somehow hindered the reduction of ARGs within swine manure, whereas there were obvious reductions in the total relative abundance of ARGs in chicken manure with bulking agents added. Among the three bulking agents, sawdust was the most efficient enhancer for antibiotic removal in both manures, and rice husk exhibited the best performance on ARGs reduction in chicken manure. The relationship between antibiotics, ARGs and bacteria communities was subsequently delineated. Proteobacteria was proposed to play key roles on the effect of bulking agent addition on antibiotics and ARGs in swine manure. Particularly, the increased Xanthomonadaceae contributed much to the promoted antibiotic degradation as well as the high level of ARGs in swine manure with sawdust added. By contrast, the changes in dominant bacterial families by the addition of bulking agents into chicken manure were not strong enough to effectively enhance antibiotic removal, but largely influenced the ARGs abundance. The large reductions of Paenibacillaceae and Staphylococcaceae by rice husk addition were closely related to the reduced ARGs in chicken manure with rice husk added.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969718331760