摘要

       抗生素耐药性是一个全球性的健康问题，需要更好地了解抗生素耐药基因 (ARG) 的生态学、它们的选择以及它们在环境中的传播。抗生素不断通过废水处理厂 (WWTP) 流出物释放到环境中。因此，我们调查了这些排放对接收河流生物膜和沉积物样本中 ARG 流行率和细菌群落组成的影响。我们使用不依赖培养的方法（例如定量 PCR）来确定 11 个 ARG 的流行率和基于 16S rRNA 基因的焦磷酸测序来检查细菌群落的组成。还测定了污水处理厂进水和出水中抗生素的浓度。在分析的所有生物膜和沉积物样品中检测到 ARG，如 qnrS、blaTEM、blaCTX-M、blaSHV、erm(B)、sul(I)、sul(II)、tet(O) 和 tet(W)。此外，我们观察到在污水处理厂排放下游收集的生物膜样本中 ARG 的相对丰度显着增加。我们还发现上游和下游样本之间的群落结构和组成存在显着差异。因此，我们的结果表明，污水处理厂排放可能有助于 ARG 扩散到环境中，也可能影响接收河流的细菌群落。

       Antibiotic resistance represents a global health problem, requiring better understanding of the ecology of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), their selection and their spread in the environment. Antibiotics are constantly released to the environment through wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. We investigated, therefore, the effect of these discharges on the prevalence of ARGs and bacterial community composition in biofilm and sediment samples of a receiving river. We used culture-independent approaches such as quantitative PCR to determine the prevalence of eleven ARGs and 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing to examine the composition of bacterial communities. Concentration of antibiotics in WWTP influent and effluent were also determined. ARGs such as qnrS, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, erm(B), sul(I), sul(II), tet(O) and tet(W) were detected in all biofilm and sediment samples analyzed. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the relative abundance of ARGs in biofilm samples collected downstream of the WWTP discharge. We also found significant differences with respect to community structure and composition between upstream and downstream samples. Therefore, our results indicate that WWTP discharges may contribute to the spread of ARGs into the environment and may also impact on the bacterial communities of the receiving river.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0078906