摘要

       抗生素在世界范围内被大量用于人类和牲畜，并导致环境中存在抗生素抗性细菌 (ARB) 和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)。污水处理厂 (WWTP) 已被确定为 ARB&G 的点源，因此集水区是 ARB&G 的潜在受体。本研究的目的是调查接受废水处理的荷兰河流中抗生素（大环内酯类、磺胺类、四环素类）、ARG（ermB、sul1、sul2、tetW）和 1 类整合子（靶向整合酶基因）的发生情况工厂污水。在一年内沿河流收集沉积物和水样。与上游样品相比，污水处理厂显着增加了河流中抗生素和 ARGs 的含量，其中抗生素一旦进入河流就减少了。 ARGs 在污水处理厂出水排放点的水和沉积物中持续存在，直到下游 20 公里。这项研究提供了对荷兰污水接收河流系统中抗生素和 ARGs 流行情况的深入了解。尽管荷兰的人类抗生素使用率很低，但在河流地表水-沉积物系统中检测到抗生素、抗生素残留物和 ARGs，这表明河流有可能成为 ARGs 的蓄水池。

       Antibiotics are being used intensively for humans and livestock worldwide and have led to the presence of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as a point source for ARB&Gs, and water catchments consequently are potential receptors of ARB&Gs. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibiotics (macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines), ARGs (ermB, sul1, sul2, tetW), and class 1 integron (targeting the integrase gene), in a Dutch river that receives wastewater treatment plant effluent. Sediment and water samples were collected during one year along the river. The WWTP significantly increased the amounts of antibiotics and ARGs in the river as compared to the upstream samples, of which the antibiotics decreased once they entered the river. ARGs were persistent in the water and sediment from the WWTP effluent discharge point until 20 km downstream. This study provides insight in the prevalence of antibiotics and ARGs in a wastewater effluent-receiving river system in the Netherlands. Even though human antibiotic usage is low in the Netherlands, antibiotics, residues of antibiotics, and ARGs are detected in the river surface water-sediment system, which shows that a river has the potential to act as a reservoir of ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343718301258