摘要

       出于预防和治疗目的在水产养殖中广泛使用抗生素可能会导致抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的流行。本研究首次报告了位于韩国全罗南道和济州岛的沿海水产养殖废水中 ARG 的分布情况。使用定量 PCR (qPCR)，编码四环素抗性的 22 个 ARG（tetA、tetB、tetD、tetE、tetG、tetH、tetM、tetQ、tetX、tetZ、tetBP）、磺胺抗性（sul1、sul2）、喹诺酮抗性、qnrS、aac(6')-Ib-cr)、β-内酰胺类抗性（blaTEM、blaCTX、blaSHV）、大环内酯类抗性（ermC）、氟苯尼考抗性（floR）和多药抗性（oqxA）和 1 类整合子-整合酶基因 (intI1) 被量化。此外，还应用 Illumina Miseq 测序来研究养鱼场废水中的微生物群落差异。 qPCR 的结果显示，检测到的 ARG 总数从 4.24 × 10-3 到 1.46 × 10-2 拷贝/16S rRNA 基因不等。其中以tetB和tetD为主，占总ARGs的74.8%~98.0%。此外，intI1 基因与 tetB、tetD、tetE、tetH、tetX、tetZ tetQ 和 sul1 呈正相关。微生物群落分析揭示了 ARGs 和 intI1 的潜在宿主细菌。属于 Gammaproteobacteria 的两个属 Vibrio 和 Marinomonas 与 tetB 和 tetD 显示出显着相关性，tetB 和 tetD 是所有样品中最主要的 ARG。此外，基于操作分类单元 (OTU) 的网络分析显示，分为变形菌门、蓝藻/叶绿体、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门和未分类门的 10 个 OTU 是四环素抗性基因（即 tetA、tetG、tetH）的潜在宿主。 、tetM、tetQ 和 tetZ）。有必要对 ARG 进行进一步的系统监测，以进行风险评估和管理养鱼场废水中的抗菌素耐药性。

       The wide use of antibiotics in aquaculture for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes can potentially lead to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study reports for the first time the profile of ARGs from effluents of coastal aquaculture located in South Jeolla province and Jeju Island, South Korea. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), twenty-two ARGs encoding tetracycline resistance (tetA, tetB, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetH, tetM, tetQ, tetX, tetZ, tetBP), sulfonamide resistance (sul1, sul2), quinolone resistance (qnrD, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr), β-lactams resistance (blaTEM, blaCTX, blaSHV), macrolide resistance (ermC), florfenicol resistance (floR) and multidrug resistance (oqxA) and a class 1 integrons-integrase gene (intI1) were quantified. In addition, Illumina Miseq sequencing was applied to investigate microbial community differences across fish farm effluents. Results from qPCR showed that the total number of detected ARGs ranged from 4.24 × 10−3 to 1.46 × 10−2 copies/16S rRNA gene. Among them, tetB and tetD were predominant, accounting for 74.8%–98.0% of the total ARGs. Furthermore, intI1 gene showed positive correlation with tetB, tetD, tetE, tetH, tetX, tetZ tetQ and sul1. Microbial community analysis revealed potential host bacteria for ARGs and intI1. Two genera, Vibrio and Marinomonas belonging to Gammaproteobacteria, showed significant correlation with tetB and tetD, the most dominant ARGs in all samples. Also, operational taxonomic units (OTUs)-based network analysis revealed that ten OTUs, classified into the phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and an unclassified phylum, were potential hosts of tetracycline resistance genes (i.e., tetA, tetG, tetH, tetM, tetQ and tetZ). Further systematic monitoring of ARGs is warranted for risk assessment and management of antibacterial resistance from fish farm effluents.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749117326167