摘要

       细菌中水平获得的抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 具有高度移动性，已被列为主要的风险抗性决定因素。然而，移动抵抗组的传输网络和驱动移动 ARG 传输的力量在很大程度上是未知的。在这里，我们展示了 23,425 个细菌基因组中移动抗性组的完整概况，并探讨了系统发育和生态学对移动 ARG 近期转移（≥99% 核苷酸同一性）的影响。我们发现移动 ARG 主要存在于四种细菌门中，并且在变形菌中显着富集。最近的移动 ARG 传输网络由 703 个细菌物种和 16,859 个物种对组成，由细菌系统发育形成，同时也存在生态屏障，尤其是在询问定植于不同人体部位的细菌时。系统发育仍然是农场动物和人类肠道之间移动 ARG 转移的驱动力，有趣的是，人类和动物肠道微生物组之间共享的移动 ARG 也被多种人类病原体所携带。将这些结果放在一起，我们认为系统发育和生态学在塑造细菌移动抗性组方面是互补的，并对人类病原体抗生素抗性的发展发挥协同作用。

       Horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria are highly mobile and have been ranked as principal risk resistance determinants. However, the transfer network of the mobile resistome and the forces driving mobile ARG transfer are largely unknown. Here, we present the whole profile of the mobile resistome in 23,425 bacterial genomes and explore the effects of phylogeny and ecology on the recent transfer (≥99% nucleotide identity) of mobile ARGs. We found that mobile ARGs are mainly present in four bacterial phyla and are significantly enriched in Proteobacteria. The recent mobile ARG transfer network, which comprises 703 bacterial species and 16,859 species pairs, is shaped by the bacterial phylogeny, while an ecological barrier also exists, especially when interrogating bacteria colonizing different human body sites. Phylogeny is still a driving force for the transfer of mobile ARGs between farm animals and the human gut, and, interestingly, the mobile ARGs that are shared between the human and animal gut microbiomes are also harbored by diverse human pathogens. Taking these results together, we suggest that phylogeny and ecology are complementary in shaping the bacterial mobile resistome and exert synergistic effects on the development of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5086561/