摘要

近年来，针对单类抗生素废水处理系统，对抗生素耐药菌和耐药基因( ARGs )的发生情况进行了深入研究。然而，抗生素生产废水中交替出现的抗生素对生物处理系统中ARGs行为的影响尚不清楚。本文采用大容量定量PCR和定量PCR ( qPCR )技术对厌氧-好氧全系统中ARG的行为进行了研究。该系统交替处理3种抗生素生产废水，分别为核糖霉素、螺旋霉素和巴龙霉素，分别为第1、2和3阶段。在三个阶段的污泥样品中，以氨基糖苷类ARGs ( 52.1～79.3 % )含量最高。qPCR检测的大环内酯-林肯酰胺-链脲嘧啶( MLS )耐药基因和氨基糖苷类耐药基因在好氧污泥中的总相对丰度显著高于污泥( P < 0.05 )。对三个交替阶段获得的ARGs进行比较，发现MLS基因和氨基糖苷类ARGs在好氧污泥和厌氧污泥中的差异不显著( P > 0.05 )。好氧污泥中乙酰转移酶基因( aacA4 )和核苷酸转移酶基因( aadB、aadA和aadE )与int1呈正相关( R2 = 0.83～0.94；p < 0.05 )，提示水平转移在增殖中具有重要意义。这些结果和事实将有助于了解抗生素生产废水处理系统中精氨酸的丰度和分布。

The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been intensively investigated for wastewater treatment systems treating single class of antibiotic in recent years. However, the impacts of alternately occurring antibiotics in antibiotic production wastewater on the behavior of ARGs in biological treatment systems were not well understood yet. Herein, techniques including high-capacity quantitative PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to investigate the behavior of ARGs in an anaerobic–aerobic full-scale system. The system alternately treated three kinds of antibiotic production wastewater including ribostamycin, spiramycin and paromomycin, which referred to stages 1, 2 and 3. The aminoglycoside ARGs (52.1–79.3%) determined using high-capacity quantitative PCR were the most abundant species in all sludge samples of the three stages. The total relative abundances of macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) resistance genes and aminoglycoside resistance genes measured using qPCR were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in aerobic sludge than in sewage sludge. However, the comparison of ARGs acquired from three alternate stages revealed that MLS genes and the aminoglycoside ARGs did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) in both aerobic and anaerobic sludge samples. In aerobic sludge, one acetyltransferase gene (aacA4) and the other three nucleotidyltransferase genes (aadB, aadA and aadE) exhibited positive correlations with intI1 (r2 = 0.83–0.94; P < 0.05), implying the significance of horizontal transfer in their proliferation. These results and facts will be helpful to understand the abundance and distribution of ARGs from antibiotic production wastewater treatment systems.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10653-017-9987-5