摘要

       这份手稿的主要目标是审查在废水环境中对抗抗生素抗性细菌 (ARB) 和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的不同处理策略和机制。大量抗生素被释放到废水中，这可能会促进 ARB 和 ARG 的选择，这些 ARB 和 ARG 会进入自然环境。新出现的微生物病原体和其中不断增加的抗生素耐药性是一个全球公共卫生问题。 ARB 和 ARGs 在环境中的繁殖和传播可能导致耐药微生物病原体的增加，这是一个世界性的环境和公共卫生问题。在将废水排放到河流、湖泊或污水系统之前，必须对其进行适当的处理，以防止 ARB 和 ARG 扩散到环境中。本综述讨论了用于对抗 ARB 和 ARG 在废水处理厂 (WWTP) 中扩散的各种处理方案。据报道，低能量厌氧-好氧处理反应器、人工湿地和消毒过程已显示出良好的去除效率。纳米材料和生物炭与其他处理方法和凝固过程相结合是最近关于 ARB 和 ARGs 去除的策略，需要更多的调查和研究。根据目前的研究，根据存在的基因类型和使用的处理过程，可以实现广泛的 ARG 去除效率，但仍有一些差距需要进一步研究。为了找到控制抗生素耐药性在环境中传播的解决方案，重要的是 (1) 大规模和长期研究创新策略以达到实际评估，(2) 开展风险评估研究以准确了解发生情况和丰富的 ARB/ARG，以便确定它们对人类健康的潜在风险，以及 (3) 考虑影响每种处理机制效率的操作和环境因素。

       The main goal of this manuscript is to review different treatment strategies and mechanisms for combating the antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in the wastewater environment. The high amount of antibiotics is released into the wastewater that may promote selection of ARB and ARGs which find their way into natural environments. Emerging microbial pathogens and increasing antibiotic resistance among them is a global public health issue. The propagation and spread of ARB and ARGs in the environment may result in an increase of antibiotic resistant microbial pathogens which is a worldwide environmental and public health concern. A proper treatment of wastewater is essential before its discharge into rivers, lake, or sewage system to prevent the spread of ARB and ARGs into the environment. This review discusses various treatment options applied for combating the spread of ARB and ARGs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It was reported that low-energy anaerobic–aerobic treatment reactors, constructed wetlands, and disinfection processes have shown good removal efficiencies. Nanomaterials and biochar combined with other treatment methods and coagulation process are very recent strategies regarding ARB and ARGs removal and need more investigation and research. Based on current studies a wide-ranging removal efficiency of ARGs can be achieved depending on the type of genes present and treatment processes used, still, there are gaps that need to be further investigated. In order to find solutions to control dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment, it is important to (1) study innovative strategies in large scale and over a long time to reach an actual evaluation, (2) develop risk assessment studies to precisely understand occurrence and abundance of ARB/ARGs so that their potential risks to human health can be determined, and (3) consider operating and environmental factors that affect the efficiency of each treatment mechanism.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02603/full