摘要
      本研究以韩国典型的有机固体废物( OSW )：食物废物回收废水（FRW），肥料和污泥为研究对象，对其抗生素抗性基因( ARGs )的分布进行了研究。粪便中总ARG含量(基因拷贝数/ 16S rRNA基因拷贝数)最高，其次是污泥和FRW。有趣的是，ARGs的多样性和机制存在显著差异。例如，在所有OSW中，大部分ARGs是四环素抗性基因( 40.4 - 78.2 % )。FRW样品中β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药基因高于其他类型的OSW，但磺胺类药物耐药基因在污泥中所占比例最大。从抗生素耐药机制的特点来看，FRW和粪便样品中对四环素的核糖体保护机制比例较高。然而，直接相互作用的四环素抗性基因在污泥样品中相对较高。sul 1是所有OSW类型中的主要亚型，在污泥中未检测到ermC，但检测到ermB。所有OSW中ARG亚型的发生与tetB和tetTG呈显着相关（P <0.01）; tetE和tetQ仅在污泥中存在( P < 0.01 )。1类整合子整合酶基因( intl 1 )仅与粪肥和污泥中的总ARGs显著相关( P < 0.05 )，说明在这些OSW中可能存在水平基因转移。

       In this research, the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was characterized in representative organic solid waste (OSW) in Korea: food waste-recycling wastewater (FRW), manure, and sewage sludge. The amounts of total ARG (gene copies/16S rRNA gene copies) was greatest in manure followed by sewage sludge and FRW. Interestingly, there were significantly different patterns in the diversity and mechanisms of ARGs. For example, a significant proportion of ARGs were tetracycline resistant genes in all the OSW (40.4–78.2%). β-lactam antibiotics resistant genes were higher in the FRW samples than in other types of OSW but sulfonamides resistant genes represented the greatest proportion in sludge. Regarding the characteristics of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, there was a relatively higher proportion of the ribosomal protection mechanism to tetracycline observed in the FRW and manure samples. However, tetracycline resistant genes with direct interaction were relatively higher in the sewage sludge samples. sul1 was the dominant subtype in all the OSW types and detection ofermB was observed although there was no ermC detected in sewage sludge. There were significant correlations between the occurrences of ARG subtypes: tetB andtetG in all OSW (P < 0.01); tetE and tetQ only in sludge (P < 0.01). The Class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) was significantly correlated with total ARGs only in manure and sludge (P < 0.05), revealing potential horizontal gene transfer in these OSW.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716326535