摘要

       生物处理过程为高度多样性的微生物可以生长和发育提供了理想的条件。在这些过程中产生的废水被抗生素污染，因此，它们为抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的获得和增殖提供了理想的环境。本研究调查了用于处理含有磺胺甲恶唑-四环素-红霉素 (STE) 和磺胺甲恶唑-四环素 (ST) 组合的制药废水的厌氧序批式反应器 (SBR) 运行一年期间发现的 ARG 的发生和变化.存在 18 个编码对磺胺甲恶唑（sul1、sul2、sul3）、红霉素（ermA、ermF、ermB、msrA、ereA）、四环素（tetA、tetB、tetC、tetD、tetE、tet、Tet、TetM、通过定量实时PCR研究STE和ST反应器中的tetX)和I类整合子基因(intI 1)。由于检测 ARG 的引物有限，我们还对 STE 和 ST 反应器的污泥和流出物进行了 Illumina 测序。尽管 SBR 的反应器性能良好，对应于最低 80% 的 COD 去除效率，但 tetA、tetB、sul1、sul2 和 ermB 基因是在 STE 和 ST 反应器的流出物中检测到的 ARGs 之一。对从 STE 和 ST 反应器获得的 ARG 的比较表明，STE 反应器的流出物中 ARG 的数量高于 ST 反应器的 ARG；这可能是由于红霉素的协同作用。根据基因的表达结果，微生物通过外排泵蛋白、抗生素靶点修饰和酶修饰三种机制的组合实现四环素和红霉素耐药。 1 类整合子的存在与磺胺甲恶唑抗性基因之间也存在显着关联。

       Biological treatment processes offer the ideal conditions in which a high diversity of microorganisms can grow and develop. The wastewater produced during these processes is contaminated with antibiotics and, as such, they provide the ideal setting for the acquisition and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This research investigated the occurrence and variation in the ARGs found during the one-year operation of the anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) used to treat pharmaceutical wastewater that contained combinations of sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline-erythromycin (STE) and sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline (ST). The existence of eighteen ARGs encoding resistance to sulfamethoxazole (sul1, sul2, sul3), erythromycin (ermA, ermF, ermB, msrA, ereA), tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetM, tetS, tetQ, tetW, tetX) and class Ι integron gene (intΙ 1) in the STE and ST reactors was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. Due to the limited availability of primers to detect ARGs, Illumina sequencing was also performed on the sludge and effluent of the STE and ST reactors. Although there was good reactor performance in the SBRs, which corresponds to min 80% COD removal efficiency, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2 and ermB genes were among those ARGs detected in the effluent from STE and ST reactors. A comparison of the ARGs acquired from the STE and ST reactors revealed that the effluent from the STE reactor had a higher number of ARGs than that from the ST reactor; this could be due to the synergistic effects of erythromycin. According to the expression of genes results, microorganisms achieve tetracycline and erythromycin resistance through a combination of three mechanisms: efflux pumping protein, modification of the antibiotic target and modifying enzymes. There was also a significant association between the presence of the class 1 integron and sulfamethoxazole resistance genes.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004313541530110X