摘要

       各种抗生素已被广泛用于治疗医院的传染病。在这项研究中，在中国新疆 5 家医院的废水样本中观察了抗生素和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的丰度和多样性。医院污水中四环素类、磺胺类和喹诺酮类的总浓度分别为 363.4 至 753.3 ng/L、285.5 至 634.9 ng/L 和 1355.8 至 1922.4 ng/L。然而，四环素类、磺胺类和喹诺酮类在废水处理过程中的去除效率分别为 72.4 至 79.3 %、36.0 至 52.2 % 和 45.1 至 55.4 %。所选 ARG 的污染水平在所有废水样品中都不同。在本研究中，sul1、sul2、tetQ 和 qnrS 的最高相对浓度显着高于其他 ARG。在医院废水中观察到部分 ARG 的相对丰度与某些抗生素的浓度之间存在显着的正相关。结果表明，整合子在微生物系统中传播和分布 ARGs 中发挥了重要作用。此外，在 tetQ、磺胺抗性基因（sulA 除外）和 intI1 之间观察到强相关性。本研究旨在确定医院废水中抗生素和 ARGs 的污染水平，并分析 ARGs 与抗生素和整合子基因之间的关系。

       Various antibiotics have been extensively used to treating infectious diseases in hospitals. In this study, the abundance and diversity of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were observed in the wastewater samples from five hospitals in Xinjiang, China. The total concentrations of tetracyclines, sulphonamides, and quinolones in hospital influents ranged from 363.4 to 753.3 ng/L, 285.5 to 634.9 ng/L, and 1355.8 to 1922.4 ng/L, respectively. However, the removal efficiency of tetracyclines, sulphonamides, and quinolones in wastewater treatment processes ranged from 72.4 to 79.3 %, 36.0 to 52.2 %, and 45.1 to 55.4 %, respectively. The contamination levels of the selected ARGs varied in all wastewater samples. The highest relative concentrations of sul1, sul2, tetQ, and qnrS were significantly higher than those of other ARGs in this study. Significant positive correlations between the relative abundance of partial ARGs and concentrations of certain antibiotics were observed in hospital wastewaters. Results show that integrons played an important role in disseminating and distributing ARGs in microorganism systems. Furthermore, strong correlations were observed between tetQ, sulphonamide resistance genes (except sulA) and intI1. This study aimed to determine the contamination levels of antibiotics and ARGs and analyze the relationships among ARGs, and antibiotics and integron genes in hospital wastewaters.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-016-6688-z