摘要
       由于事故，发展中国家经常发生源头水重金属污染。为了解决这些问题，以前的研究大部分都集中在工程对策上。在这项研究中，我们通过建立铜冲击负荷试验来研究重金属，特别是铜对抗生素耐药性的影响。结果显示，共同选择在6小时内迅速发生。铜在10 mg / L和100 mg / L的水平下显着增加了细菌对所测抗生素的耐药性，包括利福平，红霉素，卡那霉素和其他一些抗生素。从12种基因中共检测出117个抗菌基因，大多数基因（特别是移动性遗传元件intⅠ和转座子）的相对丰度显着提高至少一倍。此外，铜冲击负荷改变了细菌群落。筛选并富集大量的重金属和抗生素抗性菌株。预计这些菌株会提高整体抗性水平。更明显的是，大部分共同选择的抗生素耐药性在没有铜和抗微生物药物的情况下可以维持至少20小时。对万古霉素，红霉素和林可霉素的耐药性甚至可以保持7天。铜冲击负荷的突出选择压力意味着真正的事故最有可能对水环境造成类似的影响。重金属的意外释放不仅会对生态环境造成危害，而且还会导致细菌抗生素耐药性的发生。应该提高对事故突然释放污染物造成的生物风险的担忧。

       Heavy metal contamination of source water frequently occurred in developing countries as a result of accidents. To address the problems, most of the previous studies have focused on engineering countermeasures. In this study, we investigated the effects of heavy metals, particularly copper, on the development of antibiotic resistance by establishing a copper shock loading test. Results revealed that co-selection occurred rapidly within 6 h. Copper, at the levels of 10 and 100 mg/L, significantly increased bacterial resistance to the antibiotics tested, including rifampin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and a few others. A total of 117 antimicrobial-resistance genes were detected from 12 types of genes, and the relative abundance of most genes (particularly mobile genetic elements intⅠand transposons) was markedly enriched by at least one fold. Furthermore, the copper shock loading altered the bacterial community. Numerous heavy metal and antibiotic resistant strains were screened out and enriched. These strains are expected to enhance the overall level of resistance. More noticeably, the majority of the co-selected antibiotic resistance could sustain for at least 20 h in the absence of copper and antimicrobial drugs. Resistance to vancomycin, erythromycin and lincomycin even could remain for 7 days. The prominent selection pressure by the copper shock loading implies that a real accident most likely poses similar impacts on the water environment. An accidental release of heavy metals would not only cause harm to the ecological environment, but also contribute to the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Broader concerns should be raised about the biological risks caused by sudden releases of pollutants by accidents.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117311624