摘要

       制药废水通常含有高水平的抗生素残留，是抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的重要储存库。然而，目前的制药废水处理厂 (PWWTP) 在去除抗生素和 ARG 方面不够有效。在这里，我们设计了一个实验室规模的模拟反应器，包括上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)、缺氧池 (A/O) 和四个独立的高级氧化工艺 (AOP)，即紫外线、臭氧化、芬顿和Fenton/UV，从真正的制药废水中同时去除 18 种抗生素和 10 种 ARG。结果表明，在180 d操作期间，所有抗生素都通过反应器被完全消除。在所有处理单元中，UASB 对 18 种抗生素的去除贡献最大（85.8±16.1%）。质量平衡结果表明，降解是去除四环素、磺胺甲恶唑和氨苄青霉素 (62.5-80.9%) 的主要机制，而吸附到污泥 (73.9%) 是 UASB 去除恩诺沙星的主要机制。同时，尽管存在从进水到 A/O 单元的部分富集（1.2-3.8 log 单位），但观察到整个反应器的 ARG 绝对丰度显着降低（log 减少 0.1-3.1 倍）。 Fenton/UV 组合是去除 ARG 最有效的 AOP。最后，考虑到相对较低的成本和较高的 ARG 去除率，还提出了使用 Fenton 去除 ARG 的最佳操作条件。总的来说，这项研究为设计真正的 PWWTPs 以同时去除抗生素和 ARGs 提供了可行的建议。

       Pharmaceutical wastewater often contains high levels of antibiotic residues and serves as an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the current pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (PWWTPs) were not sufficiently effective in removing antibiotics and ARGs. Here, we designed a lab-scale simulation reactor, including up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB), anoxic-oxic tank (A/O), and four separate advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) i.e., UV, Ozonation, Fenton, and Fenton/UV, to simultaneously remove 18 antibiotics and 10 ARGs from a real pharmaceutical wastewater. The results showed that all antibiotics were fully eliminated through the reactor during 180 d-operation. Among all treatment units, UASB provided the greatest contribution (85.8 ± 16.1%) for the removal of 18 antibiotics. The mass balance results manifested that degradation was a predominant mechanism for the removal of tetracyclines, sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin (62.5–80.9%), while sorption to sludge (73.9%) was predominant for enrofloxacin removal in UASB. Meanwhile, the substantial decrease of ARG absolute abundance (log reduction by 0.1–3.1 fold) through the whole reactor was observed although the existence of the partial enrichment (1.2–3.8 log units) from the influent to the A/O unit. Fenton/UV combination was the most effective AOP for the removal of ARGs. Finally, the optimum operating conditions for the removal of ARGs using Fenton was also proposed considering the relatively lower cost and high ARG elimination. Overall, this study provides feasible suggestions for the design of real PWWTPs for simultaneous removal of antibiotics and ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135419304221