摘要

本论文的主要目的是综述废水环境中抗生素耐药菌( ARB )和抗生素耐药基因( ARGs )的不同处理策略和机制。大量抗生素被释放到废水中，这可能促进ARB和ARGs的选择，从而找到进入自然环境的途径。新出现的微生物病原体及其耐药性的增加是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。ARB和ARGs在环境中的繁殖和传播可能导致抗生素抗性微生物病原体的增加，这是一个世界性的环境和公共卫生问题。在废水排入河流、湖泊或污水系统之前，必须对废水进行适当处理，以防止ARB和ARGs扩散到环境中。本文讨论了各种处理方法，以防止ARB和ARGs在污水处理厂的扩散。据报道，低能量厌氧-好氧处理反应器、人工湿地和消毒工艺显示出良好的去除效率。纳米材料和生物炭与其他处理方法和混凝工艺相结合是去除ARB和ARGs的最新策略，需要进一步研究。根据目前的研究，ARGs的广泛去除效率取决于存在的基因类型和使用的处理方法，但仍有差距需要进一步研究。为了找到控制抗生素耐药性在环境中传播的解决方案，重要的是: ( 1 )大规模、长期地研究创新策略，以实现实际评估；( 2 )开展风险评估研究，以准确了解ARB / ARGs的发生和丰度，从而确定其对人类健康的潜在风险；( 3 )考虑影响各治疗机制效率的操作和环境因素。

The main goal of this manuscript is to review different treatment strategies and mechanisms for combating the antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in the wastewater environment. The high amount of antibiotics is released into the wastewater that may promote selection of ARB and ARGs which find their way into natural environments. Emerging microbial pathogens and increasing antibiotic resistance among them is a global public health issue. The propagation and spread of ARB and ARGs in the environment may result in an increase of antibiotic resistant microbial pathogens which is a worldwide environmental and public health concern. A proper treatment of wastewater is essential before its discharge into rivers, lake, or sewage system to prevent the spread of ARB and ARGs into the environment. This review discusses various treatment options applied for combating the spread of ARB and ARGs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It was reported that low-energy anaerobic–aerobic treatment reactors, constructed wetlands, and disinfection processes have shown good removal efficiencies. Nanomaterials and biochar combined with other treatment methods and coagulation process are very recent strategies regarding ARB and ARGs removal and need more investigation and research. Based on current studies a wide-ranging removal efficiency of ARGs can be achieved depending on the type of genes present and treatment processes used, still, there are gaps that need to be further investigated. In order to find solutions to control dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment, it is important to (1) study innovative strategies in large scale and over a long time to reach an actual evaluation, (2) develop risk assessment studies to precisely understand occurrence and abundance of ARB/ARGs so that their potential risks to human health can be determined, and (3) consider operating and environmental factors that affect the efficiency of each treatment mechanism.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02603/full