摘要

       抗生素耐药性及其在细菌中的传播是全球研究的重要课题。 在本文中，我们回顾了在理解环境中新型抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的来源、传播、分布和发现方面的最新进展。 人类和动物粪便中表现出内在耐药性的细菌和抗生素耐药性细菌是环境中 ARG 的主要来源。 已经使用功能宏基因组学发现了多种新型 ARG。 近年来，抗生素在药物治疗和畜牧业中的长期过度使用导致 ARGs 的多样性和丰度增加，导致 ARGs 在水体、污水处理厂、河流、沉积物和土壤中的环境传播。 未来的研究应重点关注ARGs的传播机制、新型ARGs的发现及其抗性机制，以及ARGs环境风险评估体系的建立。 

       Antibiotic resistance and its spread in bacteria are topics of great importance in global research. In this paper, we review recent progress in understanding sources, dissemination, distribution and discovery of novel antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Bacteria exhibiting intrinsic resistance and antibiotic resistant bacteria in feces from humans and animals are the major sources of ARGs occurring in the environment. A variety of novel ARGs have been discovered using functional metagenomics. Recently, the long-term overuse of antibotics in drug therapy and animal husbandry has led to an increase in diversity and abundance of ARGs, causing the environmental dissemination of ARGs in aquatic water, sewage treatment plants, rivers, sediment and soil. Future research should focus on dissemination mechanisms of ARGs, the discovery of novel ARGs and their resistant mechanisms, and the establishment of environmental risk assessment systems for ARGs.

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/abstract/abstract7866.shtml